Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330601, Chile.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2024 Jun;328:103166. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103166. Epub 2024 May 3.
Despite significant efforts by scientists in the development of advanced nanotechnology materials for smart diagnosis devices and drug delivery systems, the success of clinical trials remains largely elusive. In order to address this biomedical challenge, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained attention as a promising candidate due to their theranostic properties, which allow the simultaneous treatment and diagnosis of a disease. Moreover, MNPs have advantageous characteristics such as a larger surface area, high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced mobility, mass transference and, more notably, easy manipulation under external magnetic fields. Besides, certain magnetic particle types based on the magnetite (FeO) phase have already been FDA-approved, demonstrating biocompatible and low toxicity. Typically, surface modification and/or functional group conjugation are required to prevent oxidation and particle aggregation. A wide range of inorganic and organic molecules have been utilized to coat the surface of MNPs, including surfactants, antibodies, synthetic and natural polymers, silica, metals, and various other substances. Furthermore, various strategies have been developed for the synthesis and surface functionalization of MNPs to enhance their colloidal stability, biocompatibility, good response to an external magnetic field, etc. Both uncoated MNPs and those coated with inorganic and organic compounds exhibit versatility, making them suitable for a range of applications such as drug delivery systems (DDS), magnetic hyperthermia, fluorescent biological labels, biodetection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, this review provides an update of recently published MNPs works, providing a current discussion regarding their strategies of synthesis and surface modifications, biomedical applications, and perspectives.
尽管科学家们在开发用于智能诊断设备和药物输送系统的先进纳米技术材料方面做出了巨大努力，但临床试验的成功仍然难以实现。为了解决这一生物医学挑战，磁性纳米粒子（MNPs）因其治疗诊断特性而受到关注，这些特性允许同时治疗和诊断疾病。此外，MNPs 具有大的表面积、高的表面积与体积比、增强的迁移率、质量转移等有利特性，更值得注意的是，在外磁场下易于操作。此外，基于磁铁矿（FeO）相的某些磁性颗粒类型已经获得 FDA 批准，证明了它们具有生物相容性和低毒性。通常，需要进行表面改性和/或官能团接枝，以防止氧化和颗粒聚集。已经使用了各种无机和有机分子来涂覆 MNPs 的表面，包括表面活性剂、抗体、合成和天然聚合物、二氧化硅、金属和各种其他物质。此外，已经开发了各种用于 MNPs 的合成和表面功能化的策略，以增强其胶体稳定性、生物相容性、对外磁场的良好响应等。未涂层的 MNPs 和涂覆有无机和有机化合物的 MNPs 都具有多功能性，使其适用于各种应用，如药物输送系统（DDS）、磁热疗、荧光生物标记、生物检测和磁共振成像（MRI）。因此，本综述提供了对最近发表的 MNPs 工作的更新，就其合成和表面修饰策略、生物医学应用和前景进行了当前讨论。
