Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
Can J Public Health. 2024 Aug;115(4):640-653. doi: 10.17269/s41997-024-00889-3. Epub 2024 May 13.
To systematically assess the Canadian federal government's current alcohol policies in relation to public health best practices.
The 2022 Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation (CAPE) Project assessed federal alcohol policies across 10 domains. Policy domains were weighted according to evidence for their relative impact, including effectiveness and scope. A detailed scoring rubric of best practices was developed and externally reviewed by international experts. Policy data were collected between June and December 2022, using official legislation, government websites, and data sources identified from previous iterations of CAPE as sources. Contacts within relevant government departments provided any additional data sources, reviewed the accuracy and completeness of the data, and provided amendments as needed. Data were scored independently by members of the research team. Final policy scores were tabulated and presented as a weighted overall average score and as unweighted domain-specific scores.
Compared to public health best practices, the federal government of Canada scored 37% overall. The three most impactful domains-(1) pricing and taxation, (2) marketing and advertising controls, and (3) impaired driving countermeasures-received some of the lowest scores (39%, 10%, and 40%, respectively). Domain-specific scores varied considerably from 0% for minimum legal age policies to 100% for controls on physical availability of alcohol.
Many evidence-informed alcohol policies have not been adopted, or been adopted only partially, by the Canadian federal government. Urgent adoption of the recommended policies is needed to prevent and reduce the enormous health, social, and economic costs of alcohol use in Canada.
系统评估加拿大联邦政府当前与公共卫生最佳实践相关的酒精政策。
2022 年加拿大酒精政策评估 (CAPE) 项目评估了 10 个领域的联邦酒精政策。根据其相对影响（包括有效性和范围）对政策领域进行加权。制定了一个详细的最佳实践评分细则，并由国际专家进行外部审查。政策数据于 2022 年 6 月至 12 月期间收集，使用官方立法、政府网站以及从之前的 CAPE 迭代中确定的数据来源作为来源。相关政府部门的联系人提供了任何其他数据源，审查了数据的准确性和完整性，并在需要时进行了修订。数据由研究团队成员独立评分。最终政策得分被制表并以加权总体平均得分和非加权特定领域得分呈现。
与公共卫生最佳实践相比，加拿大联邦政府总体得分为 37%。三个最具影响力的领域（1）定价和税收、（2）营销和广告控制、（3）酒驾对策，得分最低（分别为 39%、10%和 40%）。特定领域的得分差异很大，最低的是最低法定年龄政策的 0%，最高的是酒精供应控制的 100%。
加拿大联邦政府尚未采纳许多循证酒精政策，或者仅部分采纳。迫切需要采纳建议的政策，以防止和减少加拿大饮酒造成的巨大健康、社会和经济成本。
