Çağın Musab, Çimen Polat Sezen, Sarol Halil, García Ramos Amador, Çeviker Abdulkerim
Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 May 24;16(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00908-3.
Exercise slows or helps reverse the shrinkage of key cognitive brain regions such as the hippocampus, which is important for information processing, learning, reasoning and planning. For this reason, it is thought that regular exercise of individuals, especially during adolescence, which is considered one of the most important processes of development, can increase their performance in areas where cognitive activities are at the forefront. Cross-country skiing, one of the leading branches of winter sports, has a much more complex structure, unlike the branches that are widely preferred today (football, basketball, volleyball, etc.) and is a branch where many motor skills are exhibited at the same time For this reason, the effect of cross-country skiing, which is defined as more complex and difficult in terms of biomotor than other branches, on cognitive activities is a matter of curiosity. Therefore, the aim of the research is; to examine the cognitive effects of cross-country skiing exercise. The study involved 54 (26 male, 28 female) adolescents who had no prior experience in any licensed sports. The average age of the participants was determined as 12.61 ± 1.32. The participants were divided in experimental and control groups. Reaction performances were determined using the ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Tests, selective attention performances were evaluated using the Flanker Test and academic achievement was determined using the e-Okul system. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant group × time interactions for hand and foot simple, selective, discriminative reaction time, selective attention and academic achievement (p < 0.05) due to improved values at post-test for the experimental group but not for the control groups. No significant group × time interactions were observed for correct reaction rate for all reaction parameters (p > 0.05). The study concludes that the cross-country skiing exercise, which was applied to adolescents for eight weeks, had a positive impact on the parameters of reaction, selective attention and academic achievement. Therefore, parents are suggested to encourage their children to exercise and engage in sports practices like cross-country skiing to improve cognitive and academic performance during adolescence.
运动能够减缓或有助于扭转关键认知脑区（如海马体）的萎缩，海马体对信息处理、学习、推理和规划非常重要。因此，人们认为个体经常锻炼，尤其是在被视为最重要发育过程之一的青春期进行锻炼，可以提高他们在认知活动处于前沿领域的表现。越野滑雪是冬季运动的主要分支之一，与如今广泛受欢迎的运动分支（足球、篮球、排球等）不同，它具有更为复杂的结构，是一项同时展现多种运动技能的运动。因此，相较于其他分支，越野滑雪在生物运动方面被定义为更复杂、更具难度，其对认知活动的影响令人好奇。所以，该研究的目的是：考察越野滑雪运动对认知的影响。该研究涉及54名（26名男性，28名女性）此前没有任何正规运动经历的青少年。参与者的平均年龄确定为12.61 ± 1.32岁。参与者被分为实验组和对照组。使用恰金手和脚反应测试来确定反应表现，使用侧翼测试评估选择性注意表现，并使用电子学校系统确定学业成绩。双向方差分析显示，由于实验组在后测时各项数值有所改善，而对照组没有，所以在手部和足部简单、选择性、辨别性反应时间、选择性注意和学业成绩方面存在显著的组×时间交互作用（p < 0.05）。对于所有反应参数的正确反应率，未观察到显著组×时间交互作用（p > 0.05）。该研究得出结论，对青少年进行为期八周的越野滑雪运动，对反应、选择性注意和学业成绩参数产生了积极影响。因此，建议家长鼓励孩子锻炼并参与越野滑雪等体育活动，以提高青少年时期的认知和学业表现。
