H-NMR Metabolomic Study of the Mushroom for the Identification of Nematocidal Compounds.

Due to the increasing populations of anthelmintic-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes and as a consequence of the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, this study focuses on the search for secondary metabolites with nematocidal activity from the edible mushroom using The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) metabolomics. The highest activity was shown by the ethyl acetate fractions of mycelium (EC 290.8 µg/mL) and basidiomes (EC 282.7 µg/mL). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical data analysis (HCA) of the H-NMR metabolic profiles data showed that the ethanolic extracts, the ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions from mycelium have different metabolic profiles than those from basidiomes, while low polarity (hexane) fractions from both stages of fungal development show similar profiles. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed the identification of signals in the H-NMR metabolic profile associated with nematocidal activity. The signals yielded via OPLS-DA and bidimensional NMR analysis allowed the identification of uracil as a component in the ethyl acetate fraction from basidiomes, with an EC of 237.7 µg/mL. The results obtained showed that chemometric analyses of the H-NMR metabolic profiles represent a viable strategy for the identification of bioactive compounds from samples with complex chemical profiles.