Guillamat-Prats Raquel
Lung Immunity Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08914 Badalona, Spain.
Cells. 2021 Jul 8;10(7):1729. doi: 10.3390/cells10071729.
Tissue repair and regeneration after damage is not completely understood, and current therapies to support this process are limited. The wound healing process is associated with cell migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. In normal conditions, a wound will lead to healing, resulting in reparation of the tissue. Several risk factors, chronic inflammation, and some diseases lead to a deficient wound closure, producing a scar that can finish with a pathological fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used for their regenerative capacity and their possible therapeutically potential. Derived products of MSCs, such as exosomes or extravesicles, have shown a therapeutic potential similar to MSCs, and these cell-free products may be interesting in clinics. MSCs or their derivative products have shown paracrine beneficial effects, regulating inflammation, modifying the fibroblast activation and production of collagen and promoting neovascularization and re-epithelialization. This review describes the effects of MSCs and their derived products in each step of the wound repair process. As well, it reviews the pre-clinical and clinical use of MSCs to benefit in skin wound healing in diabetic associated wounds and in pathophysiological fibrosis.
损伤后的组织修复和再生尚未完全明晰，目前支持这一过程的疗法也很有限。伤口愈合过程与细胞迁移和增殖、细胞外基质重塑、血管生成和再上皮化相关。在正常情况下，伤口会愈合，导致组织修复。一些风险因素、慢性炎症以及某些疾病会导致伤口闭合不足，形成瘢痕，最终可能发展为病理性纤维化。间充质干/基质细胞（MSCs）因其再生能力和潜在治疗潜力而被广泛应用。MSCs的衍生产物，如外泌体或细胞外囊泡，已显示出与MSCs相似的治疗潜力，这些无细胞产物在临床上可能具有重要意义。MSCs或其衍生产品已显示出旁分泌有益作用，可调节炎症、改变成纤维细胞活化和胶原蛋白生成，并促进新血管形成和再上皮化。本综述描述了MSCs及其衍生产品在伤口修复过程各阶段的作用。此外，还综述了MSCs在糖尿病相关伤口皮肤伤口愈合和病理生理纤维化中的临床前和临床应用。
