Nagasawa Masayuki, Shimoyama Teruyoshi, Hashimoto Sayuri, Nakagawa Ryuichi, Yokoyama Haruna, Okada Mari, Udagawa Tomohiro, Oshiba Akihiro
Department of Pediatrics, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, 1-26-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino 180-8610, Tokyo, Japan.
Pediatr Rep. 2024 May 14;16(2):399-409. doi: 10.3390/pediatric16020034.
The emergence of the Omicron strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the end of December 2021 has drastically increased the number of infected children in Japan, along with the number of children with febrile convulsions, but its clinical impact is unclear.
We compared the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children hospitalized with febrile convulsions with the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with fever and respiratory symptoms without convulsions.
In 2021 and 2022, 49 and 58 children required emergency hospitalization for febrile convulsions (FC group) with status epilepticus or cluster spasms, in which 24 and 38 children underwent a Filmarray respiratory panel test (FA test), respectively, and others received a quantitative antigen test for SARS-CoV-2. In 2022, only six patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (10.3%, 6/58). As a reference group, 655 children aged <10 years who underwent the FA test for fever and respiratory symptoms during the same period were investigated, and 4 (1.8%, 4/223) and 42 (9.7%, 42/432) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) was the most frequently detected virus (40.3%, 264/655), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (18.9%, 124/655) and parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) (7.8%, 51/655). There was no significant difference in the trend of detected viruses between the two groups.
The frequency and severity of febrile convulsions requiring hospitalization associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection of the Omicron strain may be similar to that of other respiratory viruses in children.
2021年12月底，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）奥密克戎毒株的出现大幅增加了日本感染儿童的数量，同时伴有热性惊厥儿童数量的增加，但其临床影响尚不清楚。
我们比较了因热性惊厥住院儿童中SARS-CoV-2感染的频率与有发热和呼吸道症状但无惊厥儿童中SARS-CoV-2感染的频率。
2021年和2022年，分别有49名和58名儿童因癫痫持续状态或成串痉挛性热性惊厥（FC组）需要紧急住院治疗，其中分别有24名和38名儿童接受了Filmarray呼吸道病原体检测板检测（FA检测），其他儿童接受了SARS-CoV-2定量抗原检测。2022年，仅6例患者SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性（10.3%，6/58）。作为对照组，对同期655名10岁以下因发热和呼吸道症状接受FA检测的儿童进行了调查，2021年和2022年分别有4例（1.8%，4/223）和42例（9.7%，42/432）SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性。鼻病毒/肠道病毒（RV/EV）是最常检测到的病毒（40.3%，264/655），其次是呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）（18.9%，124/655）和副流感病毒3型（PIV3）（7.8%，51/655）。两组间检测到的病毒趋势无显著差异。
与奥密克戎毒株SARS-CoV-2感染相关的需要住院治疗的热性惊厥的频率和严重程度在儿童中可能与其他呼吸道病毒相似。
