Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
BMC Med. 2024 May 29;22(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03428-6.
Prevalence of youth nicotine vaping has increased, heightening concerns around negative health effects. This study aimed to compare self-reported respiratory symptoms among youth by vaping behaviours.
Participants (n = 39,214) aged 16-19 from the 2020 and 2021 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Surveys (Canada, England, US). Weighted multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between reporting any of five respiratory symptoms in the past week (shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, phlegm, cough) and: past 30-day smoking and/or vaping; lifetime/current vaping. Among past-30-day vapers (n = 4644), we assessed associations between symptoms and vaping frequency, use of nicotine salts, usual flavour and device type(s).
Overall, 27.8% reported experiencing any of the five respiratory symptoms. Compared with youth who had only vaped, those who had only smoked had similar odds of symptoms [adjusted odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI): 0.97 (0.85-1.10)], those who both smoked and vaped had higher odds [1.26 (1.12-1.42)], and those who had done neither, lower odds [0.67 (0.61-0.72)]. Compared with those who had never vaped, past use, experimentation and current regular or occasional use were all associated with higher odds. Reporting usually using nicotine salts was associated with higher odds of symptoms [1.43 (1.22-1.68)] than non-salt but was often uncertain. Compared with tobacco flavour (including with menthol), menthol/mint and sweets flavours were associated with similar odds; fruit [1.44 (1.07-1.93)], multiple [1.76 (1.30-2.39)] and 'other' [2.14 (1.45-3.16)] flavours with higher odds. All device types were associated with similar odds.
Among youth, vaping was associated with increased reporting of past-week respiratory symptoms. Among those who vaped, some flavour types and potentially nicotine salts were associated with respiratory symptoms.
青少年尼古丁蒸气吸入的流行率有所上升，这加剧了人们对其健康负面影响的担忧。本研究旨在比较不同蒸气吸入行为的青少年报告的呼吸道症状。
参与者（n=39214）来自 2020 年和 2021 年国际烟草控制政策评估项目（ITC）青年烟草和蒸气调查（加拿大、英国、美国），年龄在 16-19 岁。采用加权多变量逻辑回归评估了以下因素与过去一周报告的五种呼吸道症状（呼吸急促、喘息、胸痛、咳痰、咳嗽）之间的关联：过去 30 天吸烟和/或蒸气吸入情况；终生/当前蒸气吸入情况。在过去 30 天蒸气吸入者（n=4644）中，我们评估了症状与蒸气吸入频率、使用尼古丁盐、常用口味和设备类型之间的关系。
总体而言，27.8%的参与者报告了五种呼吸道症状中的任何一种。与仅蒸气吸入的青少年相比，仅吸烟的青少年出现症状的几率相似[调整后的比值比（OR）（95%置信区间[CI]）：0.97（0.85-1.10）]，同时吸烟和蒸气吸入的青少年出现症状的几率更高[1.26（1.12-1.42）]，而两者均不做的青少年出现症状的几率更低[0.67（0.61-0.72）]。与从未蒸气吸入者相比，过去使用、尝试使用和当前常规或偶尔使用与更高的几率相关。报告经常使用尼古丁盐与更高的症状几率相关[1.43（1.22-1.68）]，而非盐但通常不确定。与烟草口味（包括薄荷味）相比，薄荷/薄荷味和糖果味的几率相似；水果味[1.44（1.07-1.93）]、多种口味[1.76（1.30-2.39）]和“其他”口味[2.14（1.45-3.16）]的几率更高。所有设备类型的几率都相似。
在青少年中，蒸气吸入与过去一周呼吸道症状报告的增加有关。在蒸气吸入者中，某些口味类型和可能的尼古丁盐与呼吸道症状有关。
