Yang Kai, Lu Rongrong, Mei Jie, Cao Kai, Zeng Tianyu, Hua Yijia, Huang Xiang, Li Wei, Yin Yongmei
Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China.
Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Biomark Res. 2024 May 30;12(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s40364-024-00599-5.
Nowadays, immunotherapy is one of the most promising anti-tumor therapeutic strategy. Specifically, immune-related targets can be used to predict the efficacy and side effects of immunotherapy and monitor the tumor immune response. In the past few decades, increasing numbers of novel immune biomarkers have been found to participate in certain links of the tumor immunity to contribute to the formation of immunosuppression and have entered clinical trials. Here, we systematically reviewed the oncogenesis and progression of cancer in the view of anti-tumor immunity, particularly in terms of tumor antigen expression (related to tumor immunogenicity) and tumor innate immunity to complement the cancer-immune cycle. From the perspective of integrated management of chronic cancer, we also appraised emerging factors affecting tumor immunity (including metabolic, microbial, and exercise-related markers). We finally summarized the clinical studies and applications based on immune biomarkers. Overall, immune biomarkers participate in promoting the development of more precise and individualized immunotherapy by predicting, monitoring, and regulating tumor immune response. Therefore, targeting immune biomarkers may lead to the development of innovative clinical applications.
如今，免疫疗法是最有前景的抗肿瘤治疗策略之一。具体而言，免疫相关靶点可用于预测免疫疗法的疗效和副作用，并监测肿瘤免疫反应。在过去几十年中，越来越多的新型免疫生物标志物被发现参与肿瘤免疫的某些环节，促成免疫抑制的形成，并已进入临床试验。在此，我们从抗肿瘤免疫的角度，特别是从肿瘤抗原表达（与肿瘤免疫原性相关）和肿瘤固有免疫方面，系统地综述了癌症的发生和进展，以完善癌症-免疫循环。从慢性癌症综合管理的角度，我们还评估了影响肿瘤免疫的新兴因素（包括代谢、微生物和运动相关标志物）。我们最后总结了基于免疫生物标志物的临床研究和应用。总体而言，免疫生物标志物通过预测、监测和调节肿瘤免疫反应，参与推动更精确和个体化免疫疗法的发展。因此，靶向免疫生物标志物可能会带来创新性临床应用的发展。
