Khatami Seyed Sepehr, Revheim Mona-Elisabeth, Høilund-Carlsen Poul Flemming, Alavi Abass, Ghorbani Shirkouhi Samaneh, Andalib Sasan
Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, California, USA.
The Intervention Center, Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2024 May 3;38:100788. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100788. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has become the most effective countermeasure in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. However, vaccination is associated with side effects. This narrative review focuses on central nervous system (CNS) manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination and provides a summary of the potential underlying mechanisms and methods of diagnosis and management of the vaccination-related CNS manifestations. Headache, myalgia, optic neuritis, seizure, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and encephalitis, delirium, acute transverse myelitis, and stroke have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Constant headache and myalgia are common manifestations that may necessitate further clinical investigation for stroke. To limit consequences, it is imperative to follow standard treatment protocols for each neurological disorder following COVID-19 vaccination. Immunosuppressive medication can be helpful in the treatment of seizures following vaccination since the immune response is involved in their etiology. Clinicians should be aware of the manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination to respond promptly and effectively. Clinical guidelines for the management of CNS manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination are in high demand and would be useful in each new SARS-CoV-2 variant pandemic.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗接种已成为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行中最有效的应对措施。然而，疫苗接种会带来副作用。本叙述性综述聚焦于COVID-19疫苗接种后的中枢神经系统（CNS）表现，并总结了疫苗接种相关CNS表现的潜在潜在机制以及诊断和管理方法。COVID-19疫苗接种后已报告出现头痛、肌痛、视神经炎、癫痫发作、多发性硬化症、急性播散性脑脊髓炎和脑炎、谵妄、急性横贯性脊髓炎和中风。持续性头痛和肌痛是常见表现，可能需要进一步临床检查以排除中风。为限制后果，遵循COVID-19疫苗接种后每种神经系统疾病的标准治疗方案至关重要。免疫抑制药物可能有助于治疗疫苗接种后的癫痫发作，因为免疫反应参与了其病因。临床医生应了解COVID-19疫苗接种后的表现，以便及时、有效地做出反应。对COVID-19疫苗接种后CNS表现的管理临床指南有很高需求，并且在每次新的SARS-CoV-2变异株大流行中都会有用。
