Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China.
Drug Resist Updat. 2024 Jul;75:101098. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101098. Epub 2024 Jun 1.
Breakthroughs in actual clinical applications have begun through vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy, which uses the body's immune system, both humoral and cellular, to attack malignant cells and fight diseases. However, conventional vaccine approaches still face multiple challenges eliciting effective antigen-specific immune responses, resulting in immunotherapy resistance. In recent years, biomimetic nanovaccines have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional vaccine approaches by incorporating the natural structure of various biological entities, such as cells, viruses, and bacteria. Biomimetic nanovaccines offer the benefit of targeted antigen-presenting cell (APC) delivery, improved antigen/adjuvant loading, and biocompatibility, thereby improving the sensitivity of immunotherapy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of several kinds of biomimetic nanovaccines in anticancer immune response, including cell membrane-coated nanovaccines, self-assembling protein-based nanovaccines, extracellular vesicle-based nanovaccines, natural ligand-modified nanovaccines, artificial antigen-presenting cells-based nanovaccines and liposome-based nanovaccines. We also discuss the perspectives and challenges associated with the clinical translation of emerging biomimetic nanovaccine platforms for sensitizing cancer cells to immunotherapy.
通过基于疫苗的癌症免疫疗法，已经开始在实际临床应用中取得突破，该疗法利用人体的免疫系统，包括体液和细胞免疫，来攻击恶性细胞和对抗疾病。然而，传统的疫苗方法仍然面临着多个挑战，难以引发有效的抗原特异性免疫反应，导致免疫治疗耐药。近年来，仿生纳米疫苗作为传统疫苗方法的一种有前途的替代方法出现，它结合了各种生物实体的自然结构，如细胞、病毒和细菌。仿生纳米疫苗具有靶向抗原呈递细胞 (APC) 递呈、改善抗原/佐剂加载和生物相容性的优势，从而提高了免疫治疗的敏感性。本综述全面介绍了几种用于抗癌免疫反应的仿生纳米疫苗，包括细胞膜包覆的纳米疫苗、自组装蛋白纳米疫苗、细胞外囊泡纳米疫苗、天然配体修饰的纳米疫苗、人工抗原呈递细胞纳米疫苗和脂质体纳米疫苗。我们还讨论了新兴仿生纳米疫苗平台在使癌细胞对免疫治疗敏感方面的临床转化的前景和挑战。
