Perrotte Jessica K, Castro Yessenia, Martinez Priscilla, Field Craig A, Pinedo Miguel, Schepis Ty S
Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas.
Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2025 Jan;86(1):13-24. doi: 10.15288/jsad.23-00390. Epub 2024 Jun 6.
Alcohol involvement is declining among U.S. adolescents; however, studies examining population-level trends in alcohol involvement among females and males from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds are scarce. Therefore, the current study examined alcohol involvement from 2002 to 2019 among Hispanic, Black, and White U.S. adolescent females and males.
Data were from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, years 2002-2019. Participants were between 12 and 17 years old and Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, or non-Hispanic White. Annualized change estimates within each subgroup were analyzed separately for the following four alcohol variables: (a) lifetime alcohol use; (b) age at alcohol initiation; (c) past-year drinking days; and (d) respondent's perceived risk of alcohol misuse.
Lifetime alcohol use decreased for all groups, and the decrease was strongest for Hispanic males. Age at alcohol initiation similarly increased for Hispanic and White females and males, with no change in age at alcohol initiation for Black adolescents. Past-year drinking days declined for all groups but was not significant for Black females. Perceiving alcohol misuse as a "great risk" increased only for Hispanic males and females.
Although alcohol involvement is declining among U.S. adolescents, results from this study highlight that engaging with alcohol is normative among many adolescent groups. Also, when considering sex as well as race and ethnicity, there are important distinctions in patterns of decline in alcohol involvement that should be accounted for to inform future research and screening.
美国青少年中饮酒现象呈下降趋势；然而，针对不同种族和族裔背景的女性和男性饮酒情况的人口水平趋势研究却很少。因此，本研究调查了2002年至2019年期间美国西班牙裔、黑人及白人青少年女性和男性的饮酒情况。
数据来自2002 - 2019年的全国药物使用和健康调查。参与者年龄在12至17岁之间，为西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人或非西班牙裔白人。对以下四个饮酒变量分别分析每个亚组内的年度变化估计值：(a) 终生饮酒情况；(b) 开始饮酒的年龄；(c) 过去一年的饮酒天数；(d) 受访者认为的酒精滥用风险。
所有组的终生饮酒情况均下降，西班牙裔男性下降最为明显。西班牙裔和白人女性及男性开始饮酒的年龄同样增加，黑人青少年开始饮酒的年龄没有变化。所有组过去一年的饮酒天数均下降，但黑人女性不显著。仅西班牙裔男性和女性认为酒精滥用是“巨大风险”的比例增加。
尽管美国青少年中饮酒现象呈下降趋势，但本研究结果表明，饮酒在许多青少年群体中是常见现象。此外，在考虑性别以及种族和族裔时，饮酒情况下降模式存在重要差异，在为未来研究和筛查提供信息时应予以考虑。
