Saleh Muhammad H A, Decker Ann M, Kalani Khushboo, Hoang Khoa, Mandil Obada, Gathalia Parth, Ray Bidisha, Lugogo Njira, Wang Hom-Lay
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
J Periodontal Res. 2025 Jan;60(1):44-54. doi: 10.1111/jre.13311. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
This study aimed to investigate the association between asthma, related allergies and medication use, and the presence and severity of periodontitis among individuals at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry.
Employing a case-control design, the study analyzed data from 892 patients, half with asthma and half without asthma. Data collection included demographics, asthma history, medication use, allergies, and periodontal examination outcomes, including probing pocket depth (PPD), mobility, furcation involvement, and radiographic bone loss (RBL). Logistic regression models assessed the relationship between asthma and periodontitis, adjusting for confounders.
Asthmatic patients exhibited significantly lower odds of periodontitis (OR = 0.10, p < .001) and were less likely to present with advanced stages (OR = 0.23, p < .001) and grades of the disease (OR = 0.31, p < .001) compared to non-asthmatic patients. The study also found a higher proportion of females in the asthmatic group (67% vs. 51.8%, p < .001). Smoking was identified as a significant factor associated with periodontitis in patients with asthma, with former smokers at more than double the odds (OR = 2.28, p = .035) and current smokers at a slightly lower yet significant odds (OR = 1.87, p = .050). Additionally, asthmatic patients on adrenergic inhalers had an increased likelihood of developing periodontitis (OR = 1.76, p = .045). Allergies to codeine and latex were associated with higher odds of periodontitis, with ORs of 3.41 and 6.09, respectively.
Asthma was found to be associated with lower odds of periodontitis. However, this association appears to be modified by smoking habits and the use of certain asthma medications, which are related to an increased likelihood of periodontitis among asthmatic patients.
本研究旨在调查密歇根大学牙科学院个体中哮喘、相关过敏和药物使用与牙周炎的存在及严重程度之间的关联。
采用病例对照设计，该研究分析了892名患者的数据，其中一半患有哮喘，一半没有哮喘。数据收集包括人口统计学、哮喘病史、药物使用、过敏情况以及牙周检查结果，包括探诊深度（PPD）、松动度、根分叉病变和影像学骨丧失（RBL）。逻辑回归模型评估哮喘与牙周炎之间的关系，并对混杂因素进行调整。
与非哮喘患者相比，哮喘患者患牙周炎的几率显著更低（OR = 0.10，p <.001），且患疾病晚期（OR = 0.23，p <.001）和疾病等级的可能性更小（OR = 0.31，p <.001）。该研究还发现哮喘组中女性比例更高（67% 对51.8%，p <.001）。吸烟被确定为哮喘患者牙周炎的一个重要相关因素，既往吸烟者的几率超过两倍（OR = 2.28，p =.035），当前吸烟者的几率略低但仍显著（OR = 1.87，p =.050）。此外，使用肾上腺素能吸入器的哮喘患者患牙周炎的可能性增加（OR = 1.76，p =.045）。对可待因和乳胶过敏与患牙周炎的几率更高相关，OR分别为3.41和6.09。
发现哮喘与患牙周炎的几率较低相关。然而，这种关联似乎受到吸烟习惯和某些哮喘药物使用的影响，这些因素与哮喘患者患牙周炎的可能性增加有关。
