Kumar Devika S, Prasanth Krishna, Bhandari Ashni, Kumar Jha Vivek, Naveen Avula, Prasanna Muthu
Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IND.
Department of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 May 10;16(5):e60015. doi: 10.7759/cureus.60015. eCollection 2024 May.
Vaccination, a historically effective public health intervention, has shielded millions from various diseases. Lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) have improved COVID-19 vaccine development. Despite mRNA vaccines' efficacy, emerging variants pose challenges, exhibiting increased transmissibility, infectivity, and severity. Developing COVID-19 vaccines has faced hurdles due to urgency, limited virus understanding, and the need for safe solutions. Genetic variability necessitates continuous vaccine adjustments and production challenges demand scaling up manufacturing with stringent quality control. This review explores SARS-CoV-2's evolution, upcoming mutations that challenge vaccines, and strategies such as structure-based, T cell-based, respiratory mucosal-based, and nanotechnology approaches for vaccine development. This review insight provides a roadmap for navigating virus evolution and improving vaccine development.
疫苗接种作为一项历史上有效的公共卫生干预措施，已保护数百万人免受各种疾病侵害。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）带来的经验教训推动了新冠病毒疫苗的研发。尽管信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗具有效力，但新出现的变异毒株带来了挑战，表现出更强的传播性、传染性和严重性。由于紧迫性、对病毒了解有限以及需要安全的解决方案，新冠病毒疫苗的研发面临重重障碍。基因变异性使得疫苗需要不断调整，而生产方面的挑战则要求在严格的质量控制下扩大生产规模。本综述探讨了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的进化、对疫苗构成挑战的新出现突变，以及基于结构、基于T细胞、基于呼吸道黏膜和纳米技术等疫苗研发策略。这篇综述见解为应对病毒进化和改进疫苗研发提供了路线图。
