Vötterl Julia C, Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi E, Lerch Frederike, Yosi Fitra, Sharma Suchitra, Aigensberger Markus, Rennhofer Patrick M, Berthiller Franz, Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U
Centre for Veterinary Systems Transformation and Sustainability, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Transl Anim Sci. 2024 May 3;8:txae062. doi: 10.1093/tas/txae062. eCollection 2024.
Information about the full spectrum of metabolites present in porcine colostrum and factors that influence metabolite abundances is still incomplete. Parity number appears to modulate the concentration of single metabolites in colostrum. This study aimed to 1) characterize the metabolome composition and 2) assess the effect of parity on metabolite profiles in porcine colostrum. Sows ( = 20) were divided into three parity groups: A) sows in parity 1 and 2 ( = 8), B) sows in parity 3 and 4 ( = 6), and C) sows in parity 5 and 6 ( = 6). Colostrum was collected within 12 h after parturition. A total of 125 metabolites were identified using targeted reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and anion-exchange chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography additionally identified 19 fatty acids (FAs). Across parities, colostrum was rich in creatine and creatinine, 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitatoylglycerol, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol, and sialyllactose. Alterations in colostrum concentrations were found for eight metabolites among parity groups ( < 0.05) but the effects were not linear. For instance, colostrum from parity group C comprised 75.4% more valine but 15.7%, 34.1%, and 47.9% less citric, pyruvic, and pyroglutamic acid, respectively, compared to group A ( < 0.05). By contrast, colostrum from parity group B contained 39.5% more spermidine than from group A ( < 0.05). Of the FAs, C18:1, C16:0, and C18:2 n6 were the main FAs across parities. Parity affected four FAs (C18:3n3, C14:1, C17:0ai, and C17:1), including 43.1% less α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) in colostrum from parity group C compared to groups A and B ( < 0.05). Signature feature ranking identified 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy--glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine and the secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid as the most discriminative metabolites, showing a higher variable importance in the projection score in colostrum from parity group A than from groups B and C. Overall, results provided a comprehensive overview about the metabolome composition of sow colostrum. The consequences of the changes in colostrum metabolites with increasing parity for the nutrient supply of the piglets should be investigated in the future. The knowledge gained in this study could be used to optimize feeding strategies for sows.
猪初乳中存在的所有代谢物的信息以及影响代谢物丰度的因素仍不完整。胎次似乎会调节初乳中单一代谢物的浓度。本研究旨在：1）表征代谢组组成；2）评估胎次对猪初乳代谢物谱的影响。将母猪（n = 20）分为三个胎次组：A）第1和第2胎的母猪（n = 8），B）第3和第4胎的母猪（n = 6），以及C）第5和第6胎的母猪（n = 6）。在分娩后12小时内收集初乳。使用靶向反相高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法和阴离子交换色谱 - 高分辨率质谱法共鉴定出125种代谢物。气相色谱法还鉴定出19种脂肪酸（FAs）。在所有胎次中，初乳富含肌酸和肌酐、1,3 - 二油酰 - 2 - 棕榈酰甘油、1,3 - 二棕榈酰 - 2 - 油酰甘油和唾液酸乳糖。在胎次组之间发现了8种代谢物的初乳浓度变化（P < 0.05），但影响并非呈线性。例如，与A组相比，C组初乳中的缬氨酸含量高75.4%，但柠檬酸、丙酮酸和焦谷氨酸含量分别低15.7%、34.1%和47.9%（P < 0.05）。相比之下，B组初乳中的亚精胺含量比A组高39.5%（P < 0.05）。在脂肪酸中，C18:1、C16:0和C18:2 n6是所有胎次中的主要脂肪酸。胎次影响了4种脂肪酸（C18:3n3、C14:1、C17:0ai和C17:1），例如，与A组和B组相比，C组初乳中的α - 亚麻酸（C18:3n3）含量低43.1%（P < 0.05）。特征排序确定1 - 硬脂酰 - 2 - 羟基 - sn - 甘油 - 3 - 磷脂酰胆碱和次级胆汁酸猪去氧胆酸为最具区分性的代谢物，在A组初乳中的投影得分中显示出比B组和C组更高的变量重要性。总体而言，结果提供了关于母猪初乳代谢组组成的全面概述。未来应研究随着胎次增加初乳代谢物变化对仔猪营养供应的影响。本研究中获得的知识可用于优化母猪的饲养策略。
