Ayala Lucía, Gómez-Cortés Pilar, Hernández Fuensanta, Madrid Josefa, Martínez-Miró Silvia, de la Fuente Miguel Angel
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 29;11(8):341. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11080341.
Currently, the utilization of hyperprolific sows has stimulated the search for supplements aimed at enhancing piglet survival, as these sows yield more offspring than they can adequately feed with their colostrum production. In contrast, intensive goat farming often yields surplus colostrum, thus necessitating its removal, since kids are exclusively fed colostrum through lactation solely within the initial day of birth. The objective of this study was to examine and compare the fatty acid (FA) profiles of colostrum from sows and goats, together with possible influencing factors such as sow parity and the postpartum day of the goat, for possible use as an energy supplement for neonatal piglets. Swine colostrum was collected from sows with a 0-5 parity. In addition, samples of goat colostrum were collected on their first (D1) and second (D2) days of postpartum milking. The FA profiles of the colostrum were analyzed via gas chromatography. The parity value of the sows did not affect ( > 0.05) the FA colostrum composition. High proportions of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were found in both types of colostrum. Levels of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were significantly higher in D1 goat colostrum, whereas saturated FAs of less than 14 carbons (4:0, 6:0, 8:0, 10:0, and 12:0) were found in higher proportions in D2. These FAs play an important role in colostrum as they are a readily available source of energy and have also been attributed strong antibacterial activity. Therefore, goat colostrum, especially D2, could be used as an alternative energy supplement for newborn piglets, in particular for the weakest and smallest of the litter, which are the most in need.
目前，高产母猪的使用促使人们寻找旨在提高仔猪存活率的补充剂，因为这些母猪产仔数量超过了它们初乳所能充分喂养的数量。相比之下，集约化山羊养殖往往会产生多余的初乳，因此需要将其去除，因为羔羊仅在出生后的第一天通过哺乳摄取初乳。本研究的目的是检测和比较母猪和山羊初乳的脂肪酸（FA）谱，以及诸如母猪胎次和山羊产后天数等可能的影响因素，以便有可能将其用作新生仔猪的能量补充剂。从胎次为0至5的母猪采集猪初乳。此外，在山羊产后挤奶的第一天（D1）和第二天（D2）采集山羊初乳样本。通过气相色谱法分析初乳的脂肪酸谱。母猪的胎次值对初乳的脂肪酸组成没有影响（>0.05）。在两种初乳中都发现了高比例的棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸。D1山羊初乳中棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸的含量显著更高，而碳链长度小于14的饱和脂肪酸（4:0、6:0、8:0、10:0和12:0）在D2中的比例更高。这些脂肪酸在初乳中起着重要作用，因为它们是现成的能量来源，并且还具有很强的抗菌活性。因此，山羊初乳，尤其是D2山羊初乳，可以用作新生仔猪的替代能量补充剂，特别是对于窝中最弱小、最需要的仔猪。
