Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U
Unit Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Sep 24;11(10):2781. doi: 10.3390/ani11102781.
Excessive inflammation and a reduced gut mucosal barrier are major causes for gut dysfunction in piglets. The fatty acid (FA) composition of the membrane lipids is crucial for mediating inflammatory signalling and is largely determined by their dietary intake. Porcine colostrum and milk are the major sources of fat in neonatal piglets. Both are rich in fat, demonstrating the dependence of the young metabolism from fat and providing the young organism with the optimum profile of lipids for growth and development. The manipulation of sow's dietary polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) intake has been shown to be an efficient strategy to increase the transfer of specific FAs to the piglet for incorporation in enteric tissues and cell membranes. n-3 PUFAs, especially seems to be beneficial for the immune response and gut epithelial barrier function, supporting the piglet's enteric defences in situations of increased stress such as weaning. Little is known about microbial lipid mediators and their role in gut barrier function and inhibition of inflammation in neonatal piglets. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of lipid nutrition in new-born piglets, comparing the FA ingestion from milk and plant-based lipid sources and touching the areas of host lipid signalling, inflammatory signalling and microbially derived FAs.
炎症过度和肠道黏膜屏障减弱是仔猪肠道功能障碍的主要原因。膜脂的脂肪酸（FA）组成对于介导炎症信号传导至关重要，并且在很大程度上由其饮食摄入决定。猪初乳和乳汁是新生仔猪脂肪的主要来源。两者都富含脂肪，这表明幼崽的新陈代谢对脂肪的依赖性，并为幼崽机体提供了生长和发育所需的最佳脂质谱。母猪日粮中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入量的调控已被证明是一种有效的策略，可增加特定脂肪酸向仔猪的转移，以便其整合到肠道组织和细胞膜中。n-3多不饱和脂肪酸似乎对免疫反应和肠道上皮屏障功能特别有益，在诸如断奶等应激增加的情况下支持仔猪的肠道防御。关于微生物脂质介质及其在新生仔猪肠道屏障功能和炎症抑制中的作用，目前知之甚少。本综述总结了新生仔猪脂质营养的现有知识，比较了来自乳汁和植物性脂质来源的脂肪酸摄入情况，并涉及宿主脂质信号传导、炎症信号传导和微生物衍生脂肪酸等领域。
