Enhanced fluorometric detection of histamine using red emissive amino acid-functionalized bimetallic nanoclusters.

Lysine-capped gold nanoclusters doped with silver (LYS@Ag/Au NCs) have been developed for the sensitive and selective "turn-off" fluorescence detection of histamine. This fluorescent probe demonstrates excellent stability and a high quantum yield of 9.45%. Upon addition of histamine, a positively charged biogenic amine, to the LYS@Ag/Au NCs fluorescent probe, its fluorescence emission is quenched due to electrostatic interaction, aggregation, and hydrogen bond formation. The probe exhibits good sensitivity for the determination of histamine within the range of 0.003-350 μM, with a detection limit of 0.001 μM based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Furthermore, the probe has been applied to detect biogenic amines in complicated matrices, highlighting its potential for practical applications. However, interference from the analogue histidine was observed during analysis, which can be mitigated by using a Supelclean™ LC-SAX solid-phase extraction column for removal.