Alam Iftekar, Dunde Anjaneyulu, Balapala Kartheek R, Gangopadhyay Moumita, Dewanjee Saikat, Mukherjee Moutima
Department of Medical Physics, Adamas University, Kolkata, IND.
Department of Internal Medicine, Baptist Medical Center South, Montgomery, USA.
Cureus. 2024 May 21;16(5):e60745. doi: 10.7759/cureus.60745. eCollection 2024 May.
Background The management of diabetes is critically dependent on the continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels. Contemporary approaches primarily utilize invasive methods, which often prove to be uncomfortable and can deter patient adherence. There is a pressing need for the development of novel strategies that improve patient compliance and simplify the process of glucose monitoring. Aim and objectives The primary objective of this research is to develop a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system (NIBGMS) that offers a convenient alternative to conventional invasive methods. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of using visible laser light at a wavelength of 650 nm for glucose monitoring and to address physiological and technical challenges associated with in vivo measurements. Methods Our approach involved the design of a device that exploits the quantitative relationship between glucose concentration and the refraction phenomena of laser light. The system was initially calibrated and tested using glucose solutions across a range of concentrations (25-500 mg/dL). To get around the problems that come up when people's skin and bodies are different, we combined an infrared (IR) transmitter (800 nm) and receiver that checks for changes in voltage, which are indicative of glucose levels. Results The prototype device was compared with a commercially available blood glucose monitor (Accu-Chek active machine; Roche Diabetes Care, Inc., Mumbai, India). The results demonstrated an average linearity of 95.7% relative to the Accu-Chek machine, indicating a high level of accuracy in the non-invasive measurement of glucose levels. Conclusions The findings suggest that our NIBGMS holds significant promise for clinical application. It reduces the discomfort associated with blood sampling and provides reliable measurements that are comparable to those of existing invasive methods. The successful development of this device paves the way for further commercial translation and could significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with diabetes, by facilitating easier and more frequent monitoring.
背景 糖尿病的管理严重依赖于血糖水平的持续监测。当代方法主要采用侵入性手段，而这些手段往往让人感觉不适，可能会妨碍患者的依从性。迫切需要开发新的策略来提高患者的依从性并简化血糖监测过程。
目的 本研究的主要目的是开发一种非侵入性血糖监测系统（NIBGMS），为传统侵入性方法提供一种便捷的替代方案。本研究旨在证明使用波长为650 nm的可见激光进行血糖监测的可行性和准确性，并解决与体内测量相关的生理和技术挑战。
方法 我们的方法包括设计一种利用葡萄糖浓度与激光折射现象之间定量关系的设备。该系统最初使用一系列浓度（25 - 500 mg/dL）的葡萄糖溶液进行校准和测试。为了解决因个体皮肤和身体差异而出现的问题，我们将一个红外（IR）发射器（800 nm）和一个检测电压变化（指示葡萄糖水平）的接收器相结合。
结果 将该原型设备与一款市售血糖监测仪（Accu-Chek active血糖仪；罗氏糖尿病护理公司，印度孟买）进行了比较。结果表明，相对于Accu-Chek血糖仪，平均线性度为95.7%，这表明在血糖水平的非侵入性测量中具有较高的准确性。
结论 研究结果表明，我们的NIBGMS在临床应用方面具有巨大潜力。它减少了与采血相关的不适，并提供了与现有侵入性方法相当的可靠测量结果。该设备的成功开发为进一步的商业转化铺平了道路，并且通过使监测更容易、更频繁，可显著提高糖尿病患者的生活质量。
