Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Rome.
Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Rome.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 15;947:174420. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174420. Epub 2024 Jul 5.
Excess Food Energy Intake (EFEI), namely Metabolic Food Waste (MFW) corresponds to excess calorie intake related to overconsumption of food and is responsible for overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) conditions. Identifying its causes and impacts could be important, so that it can be prevented and reduced, generating health, environmental and societal benefits. Therefore, this research quantifies MFW among OW and OB adult populations (18-75 years) in Italy and its environmental and social implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) through the Simapro 9.5 software was used and then, the results were monetized according to the Environmental Price Handbook to understand the real environmental cost. Finally, Social LCA (S-LCA) was considered following the Product Social Impact Assessment (PSILCA) guidelines to understand the potential social risks behind the food that ends up on our plates. The results highlight the amount of MFW in Italy is 2696 billion kcal/year corresponding to 1.59 Mtons over-consumed food/year, while the impacts are mainly related to global warming (8.78 Mtons CO eq/year, or 2.29 % of the total Italian CO emissions), terrestrial ecotoxicity (843,451 tons 1.4-DCB/year), freshwater ecotoxicity (222,483 tons 1.4 DCB eq/year), and land consumption (8 million ma eq/year), mostly due to the meat, fats and oils and sweets overconsumption. Impacts monetization also shows that MFW could induce an environmental price of € 1340/per capita/year, and finally, the S-LCA reveals how overconsumption of food has the potential to affect gender discrimination, water depletion, trade union, and social discrimination due to the high proportion of labor migrants in the agricultural sector.
过量食物能量摄入（EFEI），即代谢性食物浪费（MFW），与食物摄入过量相关的过度卡路里摄入相对应，是导致超重（OW）和肥胖（OB）的原因。确定其原因和影响可能很重要，以便可以预防和减少这种情况，从而带来健康、环境和社会效益。因此，本研究量化了意大利 OW 和 OB 成年人群（18-75 岁）的 MFW 及其环境和社会影响。使用 Simapro 9.5 软件进行生命周期评估（LCA），然后根据环境价格手册将结果货币化，以了解真实的环境成本。最后，按照产品社会影响评估（PSILCA）指南考虑社会生命周期评估（S-LCA），以了解最终出现在我们餐盘上的食物背后的潜在社会风险。研究结果表明，意大利的 MFW 数量为 26960 亿千卡/年，相当于每年多消耗 1590 万吨食物，而影响主要与全球变暖（878 万吨 CO eq/年，占意大利 CO 排放总量的 2.29%）、陆地生态毒性（843451 吨 1.4-DCB/年）、淡水生态毒性（222483 吨 1.4-DCB eq/年）和土地消耗（800 万公顷当量/年）有关，主要是由于肉类、脂肪和油以及甜食的过度消耗。影响货币化也表明，MFW 可能导致人均每年 1340 欧元的环境价格，最后，S-LCA 揭示了由于农业部门大量劳动移民的存在，食物过度消耗可能会如何影响性别歧视、水资源枯竭、工会和社会歧视。
