Toti Elisabetta, Di Mattia Carla, Serafini Mauro
Nutritional Quality and Sustainability in Preventing the Metabolic Stress, Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy.
Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2019 Aug 23;6:126. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00126. eCollection 2019.
Obesity represents a titanic cost for the world's health systems but also a substantial ecological cost to the environment. High energy foods have been shown to be the major contributor to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, challenging the diet-environment-health triangle. The waste of resources and the unnecessary ecological cost due to an excessive consumption of foods leading to obesity have been ignored so far. Metabolic Food Waste [MFW] corresponds to the amount of food leading to Excess Body Fat (EBF) and its impact on the environment, expressed as carbon [MFW], water [MFW] and land footprint [MFW]. We aim to estimate the MFW in the seven FAO regions, Europe (EU), North America and Oceania (NAO), Latin America (LA), Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Industrialized Asia (IA), North Africa, West and Central Asia (NAWCA) and South and Southeast Asia (SSEA), and evaluate its impact on ecological footprints. The overall impact of MFW in the world corresponds to 140.7 gigatons associated to overweight and obesity. Between the different regions, EU is responsible of the greatest amount of MFW volume (39.2 gigatons), followed by NAO (32.5 gigatons). In terms of ecological impact, EU and NAO displayed the highest values for all three MFW footprints, about 14 times more than SSA. We provide evidence of the enormous amount of food lost through obesity and its ecological impact. Reducing metabolic food waste associated with obesity will contribute in reducing the ecological impact of unbalanced dietary patterns through an improvement of human health.
肥胖给全球卫生系统带来了巨大成本，同时也给环境造成了高昂的生态代价。高能量食物已被证明是温室气体（GHG）排放的主要贡献者，这对饮食 - 环境 - 健康三角关系构成了挑战。迄今为止，因过度食用导致肥胖的食物而造成的资源浪费和不必要的生态成本一直被忽视。代谢性食物浪费[MFW]是指导致身体脂肪过多（EBF）的食物量及其对环境的影响，以碳足迹[MFW]、水足迹[MFW]和土地足迹[MFW]来表示。我们旨在估算联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的七个区域，即欧洲（EU）、北美和大洋洲（NAO）、拉丁美洲（LA）、撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）、工业化亚洲（IA）、北非、西亚和中亚（NAWCA）以及南亚和东南亚（SSEA）的代谢性食物浪费，并评估其对生态足迹的影响。全球代谢性食物浪费的总体影响相当于与超重和肥胖相关的140.7吉吨。在不同区域中，欧盟的代谢性食物浪费量最大（39.2吉吨），其次是北美和大洋洲（32.5吉吨）。在生态影响方面，欧盟和北美在所有三种代谢性食物浪费足迹方面的值最高，约为撒哈拉以南非洲的14倍。我们提供了因肥胖而损失的大量食物及其生态影响的证据。减少与肥胖相关的代谢性食物浪费将有助于通过改善人类健康来降低不均衡饮食模式对生态的影响。
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