Darmishonnejad Zahra, Hassan-Zadeh Vahideh, Tavalaee Marziyeh, Kobarfard Farzad, Gharagozloo Parviz, Drevet Joel R, Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
Int J Fertil Steril. 2024 Jun 9;18(3):263-270. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2023.2005832.1485.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that accompany many metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity, and a wide range of dyslipidemia conditions, are strongly associated with adverse effects on cell and tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, our objective was to investigate the impact of AGE-promoting diets on mouse models, considering both scenarios with and without methylglyoxal (MGO) as a primary precursor of AGEs.
In this experimental study, 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were split into four groups as a control group (n=5), AGE (n=5), MGO (n=8), and AGE-MGO-diets (n=8). After five weeks the level of fasting blood sugar (FBS), body weight, food intake, sperm parameters, and functional tests were evaluated. Furthermore, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed.
After five weeks, AGE, AGE-MGO, and MGO groups showed the highest level of body weight and FBS in comparison to the control group. Mean sperm concentration, sperm malondialdehyde, testicular lipid peroxidation, and TAC did not differ significantly among the study groups. While, AGE, MGO, and AGE-MGO groups showed a significant reduction in sperm motility and progressive motility compared to the control group (P<0.05). The greatest increases in abnormal sperm morphology and intracytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in the MGO and AGE-MGO groups than in the control group (P<0.05). Sperm protamine deficiency and residual histone were significantly increased in the three treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Regarding the DNA damage, the AGE and AGE-MGO groups showed the most severe damage. The lowest amount of testicular superoxide dismutases (SOD, P<0.001) was observed in the AGE-MGO group.
AGEs and MGO have a negative influence on sperm function and reproductive potential. These effects could be possibly attributed to both increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation.
晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）伴随着许多代谢紊乱，包括糖尿病、肥胖症以及多种血脂异常情况，与对细胞和组织内稳态的不良影响密切相关。因此，我们的目标是研究促进AGE生成的饮食对小鼠模型的影响，同时考虑有和没有甲基乙二醛（MGO）作为AGEs主要前体这两种情况。
在这项实验研究中，将5周龄的C57BL/6小鼠分为四组，即对照组（n = 5）、AGE组（n = 5）、MGO组（n = 8）和AGE - MGO饮食组（n = 8）。五周后，评估空腹血糖（FBS）水平、体重、食物摄入量、精子参数和功能测试。此外，还评估了睾丸超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛和总抗氧化能力（TAC）。
五周后，与对照组相比，AGE组、AGE - MGO组和MGO组的体重和FBS水平最高。研究组之间的平均精子浓度、精子丙二醛、睾丸脂质过氧化和TAC没有显著差异。然而，与对照组相比，AGE组、MGO组和AGE - MGO组的精子活力和前向运动能力显著降低（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，MGO组和AGE - MGO组中异常精子形态和胞浆内活性氧（ROS）的增加最为明显（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，三个治疗组的精子鱼精蛋白缺乏和残留组蛋白显著增加（P < 0.05）。关于DNA损伤，AGE组和AGE - MGO组显示出最严重的损伤。在AGE - MGO组中观察到睾丸超氧化物歧化酶（SOD，P < 0.001）的含量最低。
AGEs和MGO对精子功能和生殖潜能有负面影响。这些影响可能归因于氧化应激（OS）增加和炎症。
