Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, NL-2333 CC, Netherlands.
Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Sep;11(34):e2402935. doi: 10.1002/advs.202402935. Epub 2024 Jul 8.
This review describes the formation of a protein corona (or its absence) on different classes of nanoparticles, its basic principles, and its consequences for nanomedicine. For this purpose, it describes general concepts to control (guide/minimize) the interaction between artificial nanoparticles and plasma proteins to reduce protein corona formation. Thereafter, methods for the qualitative or quantitative determination of protein corona formation are presented, as well as the properties of nanoparticle surfaces, which are relevant for protein corona prevention (or formation). Thereby especially the role of grafting density of hydrophilic polymers on the surface of the nanoparticle is discussed to prevent the formation of a protein corona. In this context also the potential of detergents (surfactants) for a temporary modification as well as grafting-to and grafting-from approaches for a permanent modification of the surface are discussed. The review concludes by highlighting several promising avenues. This includes (i) the use of nanoparticles without protein corona for active targeting, (ii) the use of synthetic nanoparticles without protein corona formation to address the immune system, (iii) the recollection of nanoparticles with a defined protein corona after in vivo application to sample the blood proteome and (iv) further concepts to reduce protein corona formation.
这篇综述描述了不同类型纳米粒子上蛋白质冠（或其不存在）的形成、基本原理及其对纳米医学的影响。为此，它描述了控制（引导/最小化）人工纳米粒子与血浆蛋白之间相互作用的一般概念，以减少蛋白质冠的形成。此后，介绍了定性或定量测定蛋白质冠形成的方法，以及纳米粒子表面的性质，这些性质与蛋白质冠的预防（或形成）有关。特别是讨论了在纳米粒子表面上亲水聚合物的接枝密度在防止蛋白质冠形成中的作用。在这方面，还讨论了暂时修饰的去污剂（表面活性剂）的潜力，以及接枝到和从接枝的方法来永久修饰表面。该综述最后强调了几个有前途的途径。这包括（i）使用无蛋白质冠的纳米粒子进行主动靶向，（ii）使用无蛋白质冠形成的合成纳米粒子来解决免疫系统问题，（iii）在体内应用后收集具有特定蛋白质冠的纳米粒子以采样血液蛋白质组，以及（iv）进一步减少蛋白质冠形成的概念。
