Heidari Maryam, Shokrani Parvaneh
Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Med Signals Sens. 2024 Mar 27;14:7. doi: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_30_22. eCollection 2024.
Glioma is one of the most drug and radiation-resistant tumors. Gliomas suffer from inter- and intratumor heterogeneity which makes the outcome of similar treatment protocols vary from patient to patient. This article is aimed to overview the potential imaging markers for individual diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction in malignant glioma. Furthermore, the correlation between imaging findings and biological and clinical information of glioma patients is reviewed.
The search strategy in this study is to select related studies from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science published until 2022. It comprised a combination of keywords such as Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Imaging techniques, and malignant glioma, according to Medical Subject Headings.
Some imaging parameters that are effective in glioma management include: ADC, FA, K, regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), v, Cho/NAA and lactate/lipid ratios, intratumoral uptake of F-FET (for diagnostic application), RD, ADC, v, v, K, CBF, rCBV, tumor blood flow, Cho/NAA, lactate/lipid, MI/Cho, uptakes of F-FET, C-MET, and F-FLT (for prognostic and predictive application). Cerebral blood volume and K are related to molecular markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Preoperative ADC value of GBM tumors is associated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. 2-hydroxyglutarate metabolite and dynamic F-FDOPA positron emission tomography uptake are related to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations.
Parameters including ADC, RD, FA, rCBV, K, v, and uptake of F-FET are useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction in glioma. A significant correlation between molecular markers such as VEGF, MGMT, and IDH mutations with some diffusion and perfusion imaging parameters has been identified.
胶质瘤是最具耐药性和放射抗性的肿瘤之一。胶质瘤存在瘤间和瘤内异质性，这使得相似治疗方案的结果在患者之间存在差异。本文旨在综述恶性胶质瘤个体诊断、预后及治疗反应预测的潜在影像标志物。此外，还回顾了胶质瘤患者影像表现与生物学及临床信息之间的相关性。
本研究的检索策略是从PubMed、Scopus、谷歌学术和科学网等科学网站中选取截至2022年发表的相关研究。根据医学主题词，其包括生物标志物、诊断、预后、影像技术和恶性胶质瘤等关键词的组合。
一些对胶质瘤管理有效的影像参数包括：表观扩散系数（ADC）、各向异性分数（FA）、纵向弛豫率（K）、局部脑血容量（rCBV）、脑血流量（CBF）、体素内不相干运动（v）、胆碱/ N - 乙酰天门冬氨酸（Cho/NAA）和乳酸/脂质比率、肿瘤内18F - 酪氨酸（F - FET）摄取（用于诊断）、径向扩散（RD）、ADC、v、v、K、CBF、rCBV、肿瘤血流、Cho/NAA、乳酸/脂质、肌醇/胆碱（MI/Cho）、F - FET、11C - 蛋氨酸（C - MET）和18F - 氟代胸腺嘧啶核苷（F - FLT）摄取（用于预后和预测）。脑血容量和K与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）等分子标志物相关。胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）肿瘤术前ADC值与O6 - 甲基鸟嘌呤 - DNA甲基转移酶（MGMT）启动子甲基化状态相关。2 - 羟基戊二酸代谢物和动态18F - 多巴正电子发射断层扫描摄取与异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）突变相关。
包括ADC、RD、FA、rCBV、K、v和F - FET摄取等参数对胶质瘤的诊断、预后及治疗反应预测有用。已确定VEGF、MGMT和IDH突变等分子标志物与一些扩散和灌注影像参数之间存在显著相关性。
