Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 22;25(13):6879. doi: 10.3390/ijms25136879.
Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for diseases in commercially important crops and cause major supply problems in the global food chain. Plants were able to protect themselves from disease before humans played an active role in protecting plants. They are known to synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites (SMs), such as terpenes, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, which can be extracted using conventional and unconventional techniques to formulate biofungicides; plant extracts have antifungal activity and various mechanisms of action against these organisms. In addition, they are considered non-phytotoxic and potentially effective in disease control. They are a sustainable and economically viable alternative for use in agriculture, which is why biofungicides are increasingly recognized as an attractive option to solve the problems caused by synthetic fungicides. Currently, organic farming continues to grow, highlighting the importance of developing environmentally friendly alternatives for crop production. This review provides a compilation of the literature on biosynthesis, mechanisms of action of secondary metabolites against phytopathogens, extraction techniques and formulation of biofungicides, biological activity of plant extracts on phytopathogenic fungi, regulation, advantages, disadvantages and an overview of the current use of biofungicides in agriculture.
植物病原真菌可引发商业作物病害，在全球食物链中造成重大供应问题。在人类积极保护植物之前，植物就已经能够保护自己免受疾病侵害。人们已知植物会合成多种次生代谢物（SMs），如萜类、生物碱和酚类化合物，可使用常规和非常规技术提取这些化合物来配制生物杀菌剂；植物提取物具有抗真菌活性，对这些生物有多种作用机制。此外，它们被认为是非植物毒性的，并且在疾病控制方面具有潜在的有效性。它们是农业可持续且经济可行的替代品，这就是为什么生物杀菌剂越来越被认为是解决合成杀菌剂造成的问题的一种有吸引力的选择。目前，有机农业持续增长，凸显了开发用于作物生产的环保替代品的重要性。本综述提供了有关次生代谢物生物合成、对植物病原菌作用机制、提取技术和生物杀菌剂配方、植物提取物对植物病原菌真菌的生物活性、调控、优缺点以及生物杀菌剂在农业中当前用途的文献汇编。
