A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 28;25(13):7159. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137159.
Rotenone, as a common pesticide and insecticide frequently found in environmental samples, may be present in aquatic habitats worldwide. Exposure to low concentrations of this compound may cause alterations in the nervous system, thus contributing to Parkinsonian motor symptoms in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the effects of chronic exposure to low doses of rotenone on the activity of neurotransmitters that govern motor functions and on the specific molecular mechanisms leading to movement morbidity remain largely unknown for many aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we analyzed the effects that rotenone poisoning exerts on the activity of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis enzymes in the central nervous system (CNS) of Asian shore crab, (de Haan, 1835), and elucidated the association of its locomotor behavior with Parkinson's-like symptoms. An immunocytochemistry analysis showed a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the median brain and the ventral nerve cord (VNC), which correlated with the subsequent decrease in the locomotor activity of shore crabs. We also observed a variation in cholinergic neurons' activity, mostly in the ventral regions of the VNC. Moreover, the rotenone-treated crabs showed signs of damage to ChAT-lir neurons in the VNC. These data suggest that chronic treatment with low doses of rotenone decreases the DA level in the VNC and the ACh level in the brain and leads to progressive and irreversible reductions in the crab's locomotor activity, life span, and changes in behavior.
鱼藤酮作为一种常见的农药和杀虫剂，广泛存在于环境样本中。暴露于低浓度的鱼藤酮可能会导致神经系统发生改变，从而导致脊椎动物和无脊椎动物出现帕金森运动症状。然而，许多水生无脊椎动物对慢性低剂量鱼藤酮暴露对控制运动功能的神经递质活性的影响以及导致运动发病的特定分子机制仍知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们分析了鱼藤酮中毒对亚洲招潮蟹（ ）中枢神经系统（CNS）中多巴胺（DA）和乙酰胆碱（ACh）合成酶活性的影响，并阐明了其运动行为与帕金森样症状的关联。免疫细胞化学分析显示，中脑和腹神经索（VNC）中的酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）减少，这与招潮蟹随后的运动活性下降有关。我们还观察到 VNC 腹侧区域胆碱能神经元活性的变化。此外，用鱼藤酮处理的螃蟹表现出 VNC 中 ChAT-lir 神经元损伤的迹象。这些数据表明，慢性低剂量鱼藤酮处理会降低 VNC 中的 DA 水平和大脑中的 ACh 水平，导致螃蟹运动活性、寿命的进行性和不可逆转的降低以及行为的改变。
