State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 29;25(13):7224. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137224.
Drought stress is a major meteorological threat to crop growth and yield. Barley ( L.) is a vital cereal crop with strong drought tolerance worldwide. However, the underlying growth properties and metabolomic regulatory module of drought tolerance remains less known. Here, we investigated the plant height, spike length, effective tiller, biomass, average spikelets, 1000-grain weight, number of seeds per plant, grain weight per plant, ash content, protein content, starch content, cellulose content, and metabolomic regulation mechanisms of drought stress in barley. Our results revealed that the growth properties were different between ZDM5430 and IL-12 under drought stress at different growth stages. We found that a total of 12,235 metabolites were identified in two barley genotype root samples with drought treatment. More than 50% of these metabolites showed significant differences between the ZDM5430 and IL-12 roots. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified 368 differential metabolites mainly involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis in ZDM5430 under drought stress, whereas the different metabolites of IL-12 under drought stress related to starch and sucrose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism. These metabolites have application in the tricarboxylic cycle, the urea cycle, the met salvage pathway, amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, and glycolysis. On the other hand, the expression patterns of 13 genes related to the abovementioned bioprocesses in different barley genotypes roots were proposed. These findings afford an overview for the understanding of barley roots' metabolic changes in the drought defense mechanism by revealing the differently accumulated compounds.
干旱胁迫是作物生长和产量的主要气象威胁。大麦（L.）是一种具有全球强耐旱性的重要谷类作物。然而，其耐旱性的潜在生长特性和代谢组学调控模块仍知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了大麦在干旱胁迫下的株高、穗长、有效分蘖、生物量、平均小穗数、千粒重、单株种子数、单株粒重、灰分含量、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、纤维素含量和代谢组学调控机制。我们的结果表明，在不同生长阶段，ZDM5430 和 IL-12 在干旱胁迫下的生长特性不同。我们发现，在两个大麦基因型根样本中，共鉴定出 12235 种代谢物，其中有干旱处理。这些代谢物中超过 50%在 ZDM5430 和 IL-12 根之间表现出显著差异。京都基因与基因组百科全书途径分析确定了 368 种差异代谢物，主要涉及 ZDM5430 在干旱胁迫下的淀粉和蔗糖代谢、戊糖磷酸途径、嘧啶代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成，而 IL-12 在干旱胁迫下的差异代谢物与淀粉和蔗糖代谢、戊糖磷酸途径、2-氧羧酸代谢、角质、软木素和蜡生物合成、碳代谢、脂肪酸生物合成和 C5 支链二羧酸代谢有关。这些代谢物在三羧酸循环、尿素循环、甲硫氨酸补救途径、氨基酸代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、酚类代谢和糖酵解中有应用。另一方面，提出了不同大麦基因型根中与上述生物过程相关的 13 个基因的表达模式。这些发现通过揭示不同积累的化合物，为理解大麦根在干旱防御机制中的代谢变化提供了一个概述。
