Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Front Immunol. 2024 Jun 28;15:1379537. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379537. eCollection 2024.
Placental macrophages, which include maternal decidual macrophages and fetal Hofbauer cells, display a high degree of phenotypical and functional plasticity. This provides these macrophages with a key role in immunologically driven events in pregnancy like host defense, establishing and maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance. Moreover, placental macrophages have an important role in placental development, including implantation of the conceptus and remodeling of the intrauterine vasculature. To facilitate these processes, it is crucial that placental macrophages adapt accordingly to the needs of each phase of pregnancy. Dysregulated functionalities of placental macrophages are related to placental malfunctioning and have been associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although fetal growth restriction is specifically associated with placental insufficiency, knowledge on the role of macrophages in fetal growth restriction remains limited. This review provides an overview of the distinct functionalities of decidual macrophages and Hofbauer cells in each trimester of a healthy pregnancy and aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which placental macrophages could be involved in the pathogenesis of fetal growth restriction. Additionally, potential immune targeted therapies for fetal growth restriction are discussed.
胎盘巨噬细胞包括母体蜕膜巨噬细胞和胎儿 Hofbauer 细胞，表现出高度的表型和功能可塑性。这使这些巨噬细胞在妊娠中免疫驱动的事件中发挥关键作用，如宿主防御、建立和维持母胎耐受。此外，胎盘巨噬细胞在胎盘发育中也起着重要作用，包括胚胎着床和子宫内血管重塑。为了促进这些过程，胎盘巨噬细胞必须相应地适应妊娠每个阶段的需求。胎盘巨噬细胞功能失调与胎盘功能障碍有关，并与多种不良妊娠结局相关。尽管胎儿生长受限与胎盘功能不全特异性相关，但巨噬细胞在胎儿生长受限中的作用的相关知识仍然有限。本综述概述了健康妊娠的每个 trimester 中蜕膜巨噬细胞和 Hofbauer 细胞的不同功能，并旨在阐明胎盘巨噬细胞如何参与胎儿生长受限的发病机制。此外，还讨论了胎儿生长受限的潜在免疫靶向治疗方法。
