Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carr. Sacramento, s/n, La Cañada, Almería, 04120, Spain.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén, 23071, Spain.
Int J Biometeorol. 2024 Oct;68(10):1935-1951. doi: 10.1007/s00484-024-02732-3. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
Balneotherapy, using heated natural mineral waters at 36-38 °C, presents a comprehensive treatment approach for Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). This study aims to assess the effect of balneotherapy in reducing pain intensity, disability, and depression in patients with FMS. We want to assess this effect at just four time-points: immediately at the end of the therapy, and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an aggregate data meta-analysis, registered in PROSPERO CRD42023478206, searching PubMed Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and Web of Science until August 2023 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the effect of balneotherapy on pain intensity, disability, and depression in FMS patients. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane methodology, and the pooled effect was calculated using Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in a random-effects model. Sixteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Balneotherapy is effective in reducing pain intensity (SMD - 1.67; 95% CI -2.18 to -1.16), disability (SMD - 1.1; 95% CI -1.46 to -0.7), and depression (SMD - 0.51; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.9) at the end of the intervention. This effect was maintained at 1, 3, and 6 months for pain intensity and disability. Balneotherapy improves both pain intensity and disability in patients with FMS, providing evidence that its positive effects are sustained for up to 6 months of follow-up. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the improvement in depression varies across different temporal phases.
水疗，使用 36-38°C 的加热天然矿泉水，为纤维肌痛综合征 (FMS) 提供了一种综合治疗方法。本研究旨在评估水疗对减轻 FMS 患者疼痛强度、残疾和抑郁的效果。我们希望在四个时间点评估这种效果：治疗结束时立即、治疗结束后 1 个月、3 个月和 6 个月的随访。根据 PRISMA 指南，我们进行了汇总数据荟萃分析，在 PROSPERO CRD42023478206 中注册，在 PubMed Medline、Science Direct、CINAHL Complete、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中搜索，直到 2023 年 8 月，以寻找评估水疗对 FMS 患者疼痛强度、残疾和抑郁影响的相关随机对照试验 (RCT)。使用 Cochrane 方法学评估方法学质量，并使用随机效应模型计算标准化均数差 (SMD) 及其 95%置信区间 (95%CI) 的汇总效应。荟萃分析纳入了 16 项 RCT。水疗在干预结束时有效降低疼痛强度 (SMD -1.67；95%CI -2.18 至 -1.16)、残疾 (SMD -1.1；95%CI -1.46 至 -0.7) 和抑郁 (SMD -0.51；95%CI -0.93 至 -0.9)。这种效果在 1、3 和 6 个月时对疼痛强度和残疾仍然存在。水疗可改善 FMS 患者的疼痛强度和残疾，这表明其积极效果可维持长达 6 个月的随访。然而，值得注意的是，抑郁的改善在不同的时间阶段有所不同。
