Narmashiri Abdolvahed
Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), School of Cognitive Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Electrical Engineering Department, Bio-Intelligence Research Unit, Sharif Brain Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 17;19(7):e0306609. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306609. eCollection 2024.
The efficiency of cognitive control in healthy adults can be influenced by various factors, including the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) effect and strategy training. To address these issues, our study aims to investigate the impact of SOA on single-mode cognitive control using the Go/No-Go task, as well as the manifestation of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control through the AX-CPT task. In single-mode cognitive control, extending SOA led to significantly enhanced reaction times (RTs) during Go trials, suggesting improved task performance with increased preparation time. Moreover, the analysis revealed consistently higher accuracy rates in No-Go trials than to Go trials across all SOA levels, indicating robust inhibition processes unaffected by SOA variations. In the dual mechanisms of cognitive control, significant variations in RT and accuracy were observed among different trial types. Notably, participants exhibited superior performance in detecting targets during BY trials and shorter RTs in BX trials, indicative of efficient processing of target stimuli. Conversely, prolonged RTs in AY trials suggest proactive control strategies aimed at maintaining task-relevant information and inhibiting irrelevant responses. Overall, these findings highlight the effect of SOA on single-mode cognitive control and the emergence of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control in healthy adults.
健康成年人认知控制的效率会受到多种因素的影响，包括刺激开始异步（SOA）效应和策略训练。为了解决这些问题，我们的研究旨在使用Go/No-Go任务研究SOA对单模式认知控制的影响，以及通过AX-CPT任务研究认知控制双重机制中主动控制的表现。在单模式认知控制中，延长SOA会导致Go试验期间反应时间（RT）显著延长，这表明随着准备时间的增加，任务表现得到改善。此外，分析显示，在所有SOA水平下，No-Go试验的准确率始终高于Go试验，这表明强大的抑制过程不受SOA变化的影响。在认知控制的双重机制中，不同试验类型的RT和准确率存在显著差异。值得注意的是，参与者在BY试验中检测目标时表现出卓越的性能，在BX试验中的RT较短，这表明对目标刺激的有效处理。相反，AY试验中延长的RT表明主动控制策略旨在维持与任务相关的信息并抑制无关反应。总体而言，这些发现突出了SOA对单模式认知控制的影响以及健康成年人认知控制双重机制中主动控制的出现。
