S Ashish Daniel, P Suya Prem Anand, Naveen Jesuarockiam, Khan Tabrej, Khahro Shabir Hussain
School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
Department of Engineering Management, Faculty of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Jul 3;12:1400918. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1400918. eCollection 2024.
Metal alloys like stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt-chromium alloys are preferable for bio-implants due to their exceptional strength, tribological properties, and biocompatibility. However, long-term implantation of metal alloys can lead to inflammation, swelling, and itching because of ion leaching. To address this issue, polymers are increasingly being utilized in orthopedic applications, replacing metallic components such as bone fixation plates, screws, and scaffolds, as well as minimizing metal-on-metal contact in total hip and knee joint replacements. Ceramics, known for their hardness, thermal barrier, wear, and corrosion resistance, find extensive application in electrochemical, fuel, and biomedical industries. This review delves into a variety of biocompatible materials engineered to seamlessly integrate with the body, reducing adverse reactions like inflammation, toxicity, or immune responses. Additionally, this review examines the potential of various biomaterials including metals, polymers, and ceramics for implant applications. While metallic biomaterials remain indispensable, polymers and ceramics show promise as alternative options. However, surface-modified metallic materials offer a hybrid effect, combining the strengths of different constituents. The future of biomedical implant materials lies in advanced fabrication techniques and personalized designs, facilitating tailored solutions for complex medical needs.
不锈钢、钛和钴铬合金等金属合金因其卓越的强度、摩擦学性能和生物相容性，是生物植入物的首选材料。然而，由于离子浸出，金属合金的长期植入会导致炎症、肿胀和瘙痒。为了解决这个问题，聚合物在骨科应用中越来越多地被使用，取代了诸如骨固定板、螺钉和支架等金属部件，并减少了全髋关节和膝关节置换术中的金属对金属接触。陶瓷以其硬度、热障、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性而闻名，在电化学、燃料和生物医学行业有着广泛的应用。本综述深入探讨了各种经过设计以与身体无缝整合的生物相容性材料，减少了炎症、毒性或免疫反应等不良反应。此外，本综述研究了包括金属、聚合物和陶瓷在内的各种生物材料在植入应用中的潜力。虽然金属生物材料仍然不可或缺，但聚合物和陶瓷作为替代选择显示出前景。然而，表面改性金属材料提供了一种混合效应，结合了不同成分的优势。生物医学植入材料的未来在于先进的制造技术和个性化设计，为复杂的医疗需求提供定制解决方案。
