Gonçalves Óscar F, Sayal Joana, Lisboa Fábio, Palhares Pedro
Proaction Lab - CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Colégio de Jesus, R. Inácio Duarte 65, Coimbra 3000-481, Portugal.
Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2024 Jul-Sep;24(3):100475. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100475. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
It was with the promise of rendering an experimental approach to consciousness that psychology started its trajectory as an independent science more than 150 years ago. Here, we will posit that the neurosciences were instrumental in leading psychology to resume the study of consciousness by projecting an empirical agenda for the future. First, we will start by showing how scientists were able to venture into the consciousness of supposedly unconscious patients, opening the door for the identification of important neural correlates of distinct consciousness states. Then, we will describe how different technological advances and elegant experimental paradigms helped in establishing important neuronal correlates of global consciousness (i.e., being conscious at all), perceptual consciousness (i.e., being conscious of something), and self-consciousness (i.e., being conscious of itself). Finally, we will illustrate how the study of complex consciousness experiences may contribute to the clarification of the mechanisms associated with global consciousness, the relationship between perceptual and self-consciousness, and the interface among distinct self-consciousness domains. In closing, we will elaborate on the road ahead of us for re-establishing psychology as a science of consciousness.
150多年前，心理学正是带着提供一种研究意识的实验方法的承诺，开启了其作为一门独立科学的发展轨迹。在此，我们认为神经科学通过为未来规划一个实证议程，在引领心理学重新开展意识研究方面发挥了重要作用。首先，我们将展示科学家们是如何能够探究那些被认为无意识的患者的意识，从而为识别不同意识状态的重要神经关联物打开大门。然后，我们将描述不同的技术进步和精妙的实验范式如何有助于确立全局意识（即总体上有意识）、知觉意识（即意识到某事物）和自我意识（即意识到自身）的重要神经元关联物。最后，我们将说明对复杂意识体验的研究如何有助于阐明与全局意识相关的机制、知觉意识与自我意识之间的关系，以及不同自我意识领域之间的界面。最后，我们将阐述我们在使心理学重新成为一门意识科学的道路上的前进方向。
