Calais Guilherme Bedeschi, Garcia Guilherme Domingos, de Moura Júnior Celso Fidelis, Soares José Diego Magalhães, Lona Liliane Maria Ferrareso, Beppu Marisa Masumi, Hernandez-Montelongo Jacobo, Rocha Neto João Batista Maia
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocesses, Campinas, Brazil.
Federal University of Alagoas, Center of Technology, Maceió, Brazil.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 10;12:1509397. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1509397. eCollection 2024.
Medical implants are designed to replace missing parts or improve body functions and must be capable of providing structural support or therapeutic intervention for a medical condition. Advances in materials science have enabled the development of devices made from metals, polymers, bioceramics, and composites, each with its specific advantages and limitations. This review analyzes the incorporation of biopolymers, proteins, and other biomacromolecules into implants, focusing on their role in biological integration and therapeutic functions. It synthesizes advancements in surface modification, discusses biomacromolecules as carriers for controlled drug release, and explores the application of nanoceramics and composites to improve osseointegration and tissue regeneration. Biomacromolecule systems are capable of interacting with device components and therapeutic agents - such as growth factors (GFs), antibiotics, and nanoceramics - allowing control over substance release. Incorporating therapeutic agents into these systems enables localized treatments for tissue regeneration, osseointegration, post-surgery infection control, and disease and pre-existing conditions. The review highlights these materials' therapeutic advantages and customization opportunities, by covering mechanical and biological perspectives. Developing composites and hybrid drug delivery systems align with recent efforts in interdisciplinary personalized medicine and implant innovations. For instance, a trend was observed for integrating inorganic (especially nanoceramics, e.g., hydroxyapatite) and organic phases in composites for better implant interaction with biological tissues and faster recovery. This article supports understanding how integrating these materials can create more personalized, functional, durable, and biocompatible implant devices.
医用植入物旨在替代缺失的身体部位或改善身体功能，并且必须能够为医疗状况提供结构支撑或治疗干预。材料科学的进步推动了由金属、聚合物、生物陶瓷和复合材料制成的装置的发展，每种材料都有其特定的优点和局限性。这篇综述分析了生物聚合物、蛋白质和其他生物大分子在植入物中的应用，重点关注它们在生物整合和治疗功能中的作用。它综合了表面改性方面的进展，讨论了生物大分子作为可控药物释放载体的情况，并探索了纳米陶瓷和复合材料在改善骨整合和组织再生方面的应用。生物大分子系统能够与装置组件和治疗剂（如生长因子、抗生素和纳米陶瓷）相互作用，从而实现对物质释放的控制。将治疗剂纳入这些系统能够对组织再生、骨整合、术后感染控制以及疾病和既有病症进行局部治疗。这篇综述从力学和生物学角度突出了这些材料的治疗优势和定制机会。开发复合材料和混合药物递送系统与跨学科个性化医学和植入物创新的最新努力相契合。例如，观察到一种趋势，即在复合材料中整合无机相（特别是纳米陶瓷，如羟基磷灰石）和有机相，以实现植入物与生物组织更好的相互作用并加快恢复。本文有助于理解如何整合这些材料来制造更个性化、功能性更强、更耐用且生物相容性更好的植入装置。
