School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Jul 26;19(1):433. doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-04920-8.
Pneumatic tourniquets are among the most essential equipment for controlling bleeding in orthopedic surgeries. However, incorrect application of pneumatic tourniquets is accompanied by many hazards and complications for patients. Evaluation of surgical teams' use of pneumatic tourniquets and establishment of protocols can play an important role in improving patient safety, minimizing risks, and increasing the lifetime of this equipment. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a pneumatic tourniquet work standards scale.
The present study is a methodological work carried out in two stages. In the first stage, an initial version of the scale was developed based on existing research and panel reviews. In the second stage, the psychometric properties of the scale were tested in terms of face validity (measured qualitatively and quantitatively), content validity (measured qualitatively and quantitatively), item analysis, construct validity, and reliability (internal consistency and stability).
The initial version of the scale consisted of 91 items. After several meetings of the research team, the number of items decreased to 81. In the course of face and content validity testing, 40 items were eliminated, leaving 41 items on the scale when it entered the construct validity testing stage. For evaluation of construct validity, a sample of 300 operating room nurses was recruited. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) results showed a structure supported by seven factors and 41 items. The reliability of the scale was confirmed by internal consistency analysis, with a good Cronbach's alpha (0.85), and test-retest analysis, with good values of ICC (0.95).
The present instrument is a reliable and valid scale which fills the gap in assessment of surgical team members' use of pneumatic tourniquets. The developed scale can be employed by researchers and managers of medical centers to identify hazards in applying pneumatic tourniquets and devise educational programs to eliminate or reduce the existing issues.
气动止血带是骨科手术中控制出血的最重要设备之一。然而，气动止血带的不正确应用会给患者带来许多危险和并发症。评估手术团队使用气动止血带并制定方案可以在提高患者安全性、最小化风险和延长设备寿命方面发挥重要作用。因此，本研究旨在开发和评估气动止血带工作标准量表的心理测量特性。
本研究是一项分两个阶段进行的方法学工作。在第一阶段，根据现有研究和小组审查，制定了量表的初始版本。在第二阶段，从表面有效性（定性和定量测量）、内容有效性（定性和定量测量）、项目分析、结构有效性和可靠性（内部一致性和稳定性）方面对量表的心理测量特性进行了测试。
量表的初始版本包含 91 个项目。经过研究团队的几次会议，项目数量减少到 81 个。在表面和内容有效性测试过程中，有 40 个项目被淘汰，当量表进入结构有效性测试阶段时，只剩下 41 个项目。为了评估结构有效性，招募了 300 名手术室护士作为样本。探索性因素分析（EFA）结果显示，有七个因素和 41 个项目支持的结构。量表的可靠性通过内部一致性分析得到确认，克朗巴赫的 α 值良好（0.85），测试-重测分析的 ICC 值也很好（0.95）。
本仪器是一种可靠有效的量表，填补了评估手术团队成员使用气动止血带的空白。开发的量表可以供研究人员和医疗机构管理人员使用，以识别应用气动止血带的危险，并制定教育计划以消除或减少现有的问题。
