Quintero Andrea P, Bonilla-Vargas Kely Johana, Correa-Bautista Jorge E, Domínguez-Sanchéz María A, Triana-Reina Héctor R, Velasco-Orjuela Gina P, García-Hermoso Antonio, Villa-González Emilio, Esteban-Cornejo Irene, Correa-Rodríguez María, Ramírez-Vélez Robinson
Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Physiol Behav. 2018 Dec 1;197:22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
There is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18-30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400-500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (η = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (η = 0.60), interference +10.1 (η = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (η = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (η = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (η = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (η = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (η = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (η = 0.50), and consistency domain -3.0 (η = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions.
目前，人们对于体育锻炼对认知的积极影响已达成共识。然而，运动强度对执行功能的影响仍不明确。因此，本研究的目的是比较高强度有氧间歇训练（HIIT）、渐进性抗阻训练（PRT）或联合训练（PRT + HIIT）对超重且缺乏运动的成年男性（18 - 30岁）执行功能指标的急性影响。通过蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）筛查认知测试对参与者进行筛查，排除已知会影响认知功能的疾病。对36名成年人进行了一项随机平行组临床试验，他们被随机分配到HIIT组（n = 12）、PRT组（n = 7）、PRT + HIIT组（n = 7）或对照组（n = 10），直至能量消耗达到400 - 500千卡。分别使用Stroop测试和注意力d2测试来检查认知抑制和注意力容量，并在每次运动训练方式前进行预运动测量以获取基线数据，运动后1分钟进行测量。通过Stroop测试测量的认知抑制在HIIT方案后，阅读领域提高了5.89（η = 0.33），颜色命名提高了9.0（η = 0.60），干扰提高了10.1（η = 0.39），指数干扰提高了6.0（η = 0.20）。此外，PRT + HIIT组在阅读条件下提高了7.1（η = 0.40），颜色命名提高了7.5（η = 0.80），干扰提高了5.8（η = 0.39）。在注意力容量方面，HIIT组在注意力集中水平领域提高了21.7（η = 0.44），总表现领域提高了56.6（η = 0.50），一致性领域降低了3.0（η = 0.27），有小到中等程度的改善。PRT组和PRT + HIIT组在注意力集中水平和处理项目领域的结果相似（P < 0.05）。总之，急性HIIT和PRT + HIIT训练比单独的PRT在认知抑制和注意力容量方面具有更显著的效应量。综上所述，结果表明即使是短期运动干预也可以增强超重成年人的执行功能。
