Hossam Abdelmonem Basma, Abdelaal Noha M, Anwer Eman K E, Rashwan Alaa A, Hussein Mohamed Ali, Ahmed Yasmin F, Khashana Rana, Hanna Mireille M, Abdelnaser Anwar
Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt.
Biomedicines. 2024 Jul 2;12(7):1467. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12071467.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes that play an essential role in Phase I metabolism, with 57 functional genes classified into 18 families in the human genome, of which the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are prominent. Beyond drug metabolism, CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous compounds such as lipids, proteins, and hormones to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes can lead to different endocrine disorders. Moreover, CYP450 enzymes significantly contribute to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis, impacting cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Their diverse functions emphasize their therapeutic potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CYP450 enzymes are implicated in the onset and development of illnesses such as cancer, influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Assessment of CYP450 enzyme expression and activity aids in evaluating liver health state and differentiating between liver diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions, and optimizing drug efficacy. Understanding the roles of CYP450 enzymes and the clinical effect of their genetic polymorphisms is crucial for developing personalized therapeutic strategies and enhancing drug responses in diverse patient populations.
细胞色素P450（CYP450）是一组在I相代谢中起关键作用的酶，在人类基因组中有57个功能基因被分为18个家族，其中CYP1、CYP2和CYP3家族最为突出。除药物代谢外，CYP酶还代谢脂质、蛋白质和激素等内源性化合物以维持生理稳态。因此，CYP450酶的失调可导致不同的内分泌紊乱。此外，CYP450酶对脂肪酸代谢、胆固醇合成和胆汁酸生物合成有显著贡献，影响细胞生理和疾病发病机制。它们的多种功能强调了其在治疗高胆固醇血症和神经退行性疾病方面的治疗潜力。此外，CYP450酶与癌症等疾病的发生和发展有关，影响化疗结果。评估CYP450酶的表达和活性有助于评估肝脏健康状况、区分肝脏疾病、指导治疗决策以及优化药物疗效。了解CYP450酶的作用及其基因多态性的临床效应对于制定个性化治疗策略和增强不同患者群体的药物反应至关重要。
