College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 12;25(14):7673. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147673.
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease that is regulated by multiple genes and influenced by multiple factors. Due to the complexity of its etiology, the pathogenesis is still unclear. MicroRNAs belong to a class of small non-coding RNAs that are highly conserved in endogenous evolution and play critical roles in multiple biological pathways. In recent years, aberrant miRNA expression has been implicated in schizophrenia, with certain miRNAs emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this disorder. In this review, our objective is to investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in schizophrenia, elucidate their potential mechanisms of action, and assess their feasibility as biomarkers. The PubMed electronic database and Google Scholar were searched for the years 2003 to 2024. The study focused on schizophrenia and miRNA as the research topic, encompassing articles related to biomarkers, etiology, action mechanisms, and differentially expressed genes associated with schizophrenia and miRNA. A total of 1488 articles were retrieved, out of which 49 were included in this scope review. This study reviewed 49 articles and identified abnormal expression of miRNA in different tissues of both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, suggesting its potential role in the pathogenesis and progression of schizophrenia. Notably, several specific miRNAs, including miR-34a, miR-130b, miR-193-3p, miR-675-3p, miR-1262, and miR-218-5p, may serve as promising biological markers for diagnosing schizophrenia. Furthermore, this study summarized potential mechanisms through which miRNAs may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. The studies within the field of miRNA's role in schizophrenia encompass a broad spectrum of focus. Several selected studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs associated with schizophrenia across various tissues, thereby highlighting the potential utility of specific miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for this disorder. Various mechanisms underlying dysregulated miRNAs in schizophrenia have been explored; however, further investigations are needed to determine the exact mechanisms by which these dysregulated miRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of this condition. The exploration of miRNA's involvement in the etiology and identification of biomarkers for schizophrenia holds significant promise in informing future clinical trials and advancing our understanding in this area.
精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，受多种基因调控，并受多种因素影响。由于其病因的复杂性，发病机制尚不清楚。microRNAs 属于一类内源性进化高度保守的小非编码 RNA，在多种生物学途径中发挥关键作用。近年来，miRNA 的异常表达与精神分裂症有关，某些 miRNA 作为该疾病的潜在诊断和预后生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是研究精神分裂症中 miRNA 的差异表达，阐明其潜在的作用机制，并评估其作为生物标志物的可行性。检索了 2003 年至 2024 年的 PubMed 电子数据库和 Google Scholar。研究的重点是精神分裂症和 miRNA 作为研究主题，包括与生物标志物、病因、作用机制以及与精神分裂症和 miRNA 相关的差异表达基因相关的文章。共检索到 1488 篇文章，其中 49 篇被纳入本综述。本研究综述了 49 篇文章，发现精神分裂症患者和健康对照组不同组织中 miRNA 的表达异常，提示其在精神分裂症的发病机制和进展中可能具有潜在作用。值得注意的是，miR-34a、miR-130b、miR-193-3p、miR-675-3p、miR-1262 和 miR-218-5p 等几种特定的 miRNA 可能作为诊断精神分裂症的有前途的生物标志物。此外，本研究总结了 miRNA 可能导致精神分裂症发展的潜在机制。miRNA 在精神分裂症中的作用的研究涵盖了广泛的焦点。一些选定的研究已经确定了与各种组织中的精神分裂症相关的失调 miRNA，从而突出了特定 miRNA 作为该疾病的诊断生物标志物的潜在效用。已经探索了精神分裂症中失调 miRNA 的各种潜在机制；然而，需要进一步研究以确定这些失调 miRNA 如何导致该病症的发病机制。探索 miRNA 在精神分裂症病因学中的作用以及确定精神分裂症的生物标志物具有重要意义，可以为未来的临床试验提供信息，并推进该领域的研究。
