School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, Xiqi Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Park, Tianjin 300308, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Jul 20;16(14):2354. doi: 10.3390/nu16142354.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the direct precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), is involved in the regulation of many physiological and metabolic reactions in the body. NMN can indirectly affect cellular metabolic pathways, DNA repair, and senescence, while also being essential for maintaining tissues and dynamic metabolic equilibria, promoting healthy aging. Therefore, NMN has found many applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. At present, NMN synthesis strategies mainly include chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. Despite its potential benefits, the commercial production of NMN by organic chemistry approaches faces environmental and safety problems. With the rapid development of synthetic biology, it has become possible to construct microbial cell factories to produce NMN in a cost-effective way. In this review, we summarize the chemical and biosynthetic strategies of NMN, offering an overview of the recent research progress on host selection, chassis cell optimization, mining of key enzymes, metabolic engineering, and adaptive fermentation strategies. In addition, we also review the advances in the role of NMN in aging, metabolic diseases, and neural function. This review provides comprehensive technical guidance for the efficient biosynthesis of NMN as well as a theoretical basis for its application in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics.
烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）是烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）的直接前体，参与体内许多生理和代谢反应的调节。NMN 可以间接影响细胞代谢途径、DNA 修复和衰老，同时对维持组织和动态代谢平衡、促进健康衰老也至关重要。因此，NMN 在食品、制药和化妆品行业有广泛的应用。目前，NMN 的合成策略主要包括化学合成和生物合成。尽管具有潜在的益处，但通过有机化学方法进行 NMN 的商业生产面临环境和安全问题。随着合成生物学的快速发展，构建微生物细胞工厂以经济高效的方式生产 NMN 成为可能。在本文综述中，我们总结了 NMN 的化学和生物合成策略，概述了宿主选择、底盘细胞优化、关键酶挖掘、代谢工程和适应性发酵策略方面的最新研究进展。此外，我们还综述了 NMN 在衰老、代谢性疾病和神经功能中的作用的研究进展。本综述为 NMN 的高效生物合成提供了全面的技术指导，并为其在食品、医药和化妆品领域的应用提供了理论基础。
