Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 12;12:1411054. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1411054. eCollection 2024.
To evaluate the current status and equity of older adult resource allocation in the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of mainland China, and to offer recommendations for the optimization of these allocations.
Four key indicators, namely, the number of older adult institutions, employees, professionals, and beds in mainland China in the year 2020, were used and analyzed using various methods and tools, including agglomeration analysis, the Gini coefficient, and the Lorenz Curve. These methods were applied to evaluate the equity of older adult resource allocation across the different provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and regions of China, using two dimensions, namely, the geographical area and the older adult population.
Overall, the number of older adult resource allocations was found to be increasing in China, while the number of employees with educational levels of junior college or above was relatively low and the population structure was aging. In terms of the equity of older adult resource allocation, the results showed that this was good according to the dimensions of the older adult population but was on the low side based on the dimension of geographical area, and the Gini coefficient of the western region, in particular, was in an alarming state. Different provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) were found to have an uneven allocation of resources for older adults, with large differences, with some areas having a serious under-allocation of resources, while others showed resource over-allocation.
While China's allocation of older adult resources is relatively equitable, there is nevertheless a need to take into account recent changes in the older adult population and strengthen the construction of a reasonably structured, high-quality team of professionals and technicians, as well as consider factors such as geographical area and the older adult population, and rationally allocate older adult resources in the eastern, middle, and western regions, to achieve a balanced allocation in terms of equity and efficiency and enhance social capital, to better satisfy the demands for older adult services in older adults at multiple levels.
评价中国大陆 31 个省（自治区、直辖市）老年资源配置的现状和公平性，并提出优化配置的建议。
使用中国大陆 2020 年老年机构数量、员工数量、专业人员数量和床位数量等 4 个关键指标，运用集聚分析、基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线等多种方法和工具进行分析，从地理区域和老年人口两个维度，评价中国不同省（自治区、直辖市）和地区老年资源配置的公平性。
中国老年资源配置数量总体呈增长趋势，大专及以上学历员工数量相对较低，人口结构呈老龄化趋势。在老年资源配置公平性方面，从老年人口维度看，公平性较好，但从地理区域维度看，公平性较差，特别是西部地区的基尼系数令人担忧。不同省（自治区、直辖市）老年资源配置存在不均衡现象，差异较大，部分地区资源配置严重不足，部分地区资源配置过度。
中国老年资源配置相对公平，但需要考虑老年人口的近期变化，加强合理结构、高质量的专业技术人员队伍建设，考虑地理区域和老年人口等因素，在东部、中部和西部地区合理配置老年资源，实现公平与效率的均衡配置，增强社会资本，更好地满足多层次老年人对老年服务的需求。
