Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, 269, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2024 Sep;14(3):1231-1241. doi: 10.1007/s44197-024-00279-5. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
Between 2000 and 2018, global measles deaths decreased by 73%, but the disease remains prevalent in many developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. Although Ethiopia was attempting to eliminate the measles, it still ranks fourth in the world in terms of the number of cases. The aim of the investigation was to describe the outbreak and identify its determinants in the Aneded district.
Between March 3, 2020, and April 2, 2020, the 89 patients and 178 controls participated in a case-control study. Data were gathered by means of in-person interviews with household leaders. The attack and case fatality rates were determined. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant cut-off points.
An investigation was conducted on a total of 89 measles cases, with 3 deaths and 178 controls. In total, there were 1.65 attacks per 1000 people, or 3.4% of the case fatality rate. There were 155 days of outbreak duration. The disease was significantly associated with being female [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38-5.11], under 5 years old [AOR = 7.24; 95% CI = 2.58-20.31], positive in attitude [AOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.11-0.42], and having a contact history [AOR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.67-6.10].
The measles outbreak, with its higher attack and case fatality rate, has been influenced by factors like household attitudes, age, sex, contact and travel history and needs to be reduced through early detection, active surveillance, and fostering favorable attitudes towards disease prevention and control.
2000 年至 2018 年间，全球麻疹死亡人数减少了 73%，但该疾病在许多发展中国家仍然流行，特别是在非洲和亚洲。尽管埃塞俄比亚一直在努力消除麻疹，但它的病例数仍位居世界第四。本研究旨在描述安内德地区的麻疹暴发情况并确定其决定因素。
2020 年 3 月 3 日至 4 月 2 日期间，共 89 名患者和 178 名对照参加了病例对照研究。通过与家庭负责人进行面对面访谈收集数据。确定攻击率和病例死亡率。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，将 p 值小于 0.05 的变量视为具有统计学意义的截止值。
共调查了 89 例麻疹病例，其中 3 例死亡，178 例为对照。总攻击率为每 1000 人 1.65 例，病死率为 3.4%。暴发持续了 155 天。该疾病与女性显著相关[调整优势比（AOR）=2.66；95%置信区间（CI）=1.38-5.11]、5 岁以下[AOR=7.24；95%CI=2.58-20.31]、态度积极[AOR=0.22；95%CI=0.11-0.42]和有接触史[AOR=3.19；95%CI=1.67-6.10]。
由于家庭态度、年龄、性别、接触和旅行史等因素的影响，麻疹暴发的攻击率和病死率较高，需要通过早期发现、主动监测和培养对疾病预防和控制的有利态度来降低。
