Chanchlani Rahul, Shah Baiju R, Bangdiwala Shrikant I, de Souza Russell J, Luo Jin, Bolotin Shelly, Bowdish Dawn M E, Desai Dipika, Everett Karl, Lear Scott A, Loeb Mark, Punthakee Zubin, Sherifali Diana, Wahi Gita, Anand Sonia S
Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Aug 1;4(8):e0003490. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003490. eCollection 2024.
We evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among South Asians living in Ontario, Canada compared to non-South Asians and compared the odds of symptomatic COVID-19 infection and related hospitalizations and deaths among non-vaccinated South Asians and non-South Asians. This was a test negative design study conducted in Ontario, Canada between December 14, 2020 and November 15, 2021. All eligible individuals >18 years with symptoms of COVID-19 were subdivided by ethnicity (South Asian vs other) and vaccination status (vaccinated versus not). The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness as defined by COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, and secondary outcome was the odds of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and death comparing non-vaccinated South Asians to non-vaccinated non-South Asians. 883,155 individuals were included. Among South Asians, two doses of COVID-19 vaccine prevented 93.8% (95% CI 93.2, 94.4) of COVID-19 infections and 97.5% (95% CI 95.2, 98.6) of hospitalizations and deaths. Among non-South Asians, vaccines prevented 86.6% (CI 86.3, 86.9) of COVID-19 infections and 93.1% (CI 92.2, 93.8) of hospitalizations and deaths. Non-vaccinated South Asians had higher odds of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-vaccinated non-South Asians (OR 2.35, 95% CI 2.3, 2.4), regardless of their immigration status. COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing infections, hospitalizations and deaths among South Asians living in Canada. The observation that non-vaccinated South Asians have higher odds of symptomatic COVID-19 infection warrants further investigation.
我们评估了在加拿大安大略省生活的南亚人与非南亚人相比，新冠疫苗的有效性，并比较了未接种疫苗的南亚人和非南亚人出现有症状新冠感染以及相关住院和死亡的几率。这是一项于2020年12月14日至2021年11月15日在加拿大安大略省进行的检测阴性设计研究。所有年龄大于18岁且有新冠症状的符合条件个体按种族（南亚人与其他种族）和疫苗接种状况（接种疫苗与未接种）进行细分。主要结局是由新冠感染、住院和死亡定义的疫苗有效性，次要结局是比较未接种疫苗的南亚人与未接种疫苗的非南亚人出现新冠感染、住院和死亡的几率。共纳入883,155人。在南亚人中，两剂新冠疫苗预防了93.8%（95%置信区间93.2, 94.4）的新冠感染以及97.5%（95%置信区间95.2, 98.6）的住院和死亡。在非南亚人中，疫苗预防了86.6%（置信区间86.3, 86.9）的新冠感染以及93.1%（置信区间92.2, 93.8）的住院和死亡。无论移民身份如何，未接种疫苗的南亚人出现有症状的新冠病毒感染几率高于未接种疫苗的非南亚人（比值比2.35，95%置信区间2.3, 2.4）。新冠疫苗在预防加拿大南亚人的感染、住院和死亡方面是有效的。未接种疫苗的南亚人出现有症状新冠感染几率更高这一观察结果值得进一步研究。
