Strategies and mechanisms targeting biofilms associated with endodontic infections: a comprehensive review.

is one of the main microorganisms that infects root canals, ranking among the most prevalent microorganisms associated with endodontic treatment failure. Given its pervasive presence in persistent endodontic infections, the successful elimination of is crucial for effective endodontic treatment and retreatment. Furthermore, can form biofilms - defense structures that microbes use to fight environmental threats. These biofilms confer resistance against host immune system attacks and antibiotic interventions. Consequently, the presence of biofilms poses a significant challenge in the complete eradication of and its associated disease. In response, numerous scholars have discovered promising outcomes in addressing biofilms within root canals and undertaken endeavors to explore more efficacious approaches in combating these biofilms. This study provides a comprehensive review of strategies and mechanisms for the removal of biofilms.