North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 5;25(15):8550. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158550.
Avian influenza virus has been long considered the main threat for a future pandemic. Among the possible avian influenza virus subtypes, A(HN) clade 2.3.4.4b is becoming enzootic in mammals, representing an alarming step towards a pandemic. In particular, genotype B3.13 has recently caused an outbreak in US dairy cattle. Since pandemic preparedness is largely based on the availability of prepandemic candidate vaccine viruses, in this review we will summarize the current status of the enzootics, and challenges for H vaccine manufacturing and delivery.
禽流感病毒一直被认为是未来大流行的主要威胁。在可能的禽流感病毒亚型中，A(HN) 分支 2.3.4.4b 在哺乳动物中成为地方流行病毒，这是向大流行迈出的令人震惊的一步。特别是，基因型 B3.13 最近在美国奶牛中引发了一次疫情。由于大流行的准备工作在很大程度上依赖于备灾候选疫苗病毒的供应，因此在这篇综述中，我们将总结地方流行的现状，以及 H 疫苗制造和输送的挑战。
