Krammer Florian, Hermann Enikö, Rasmussen Angela L
Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
J Virol. 2025 Apr 15;99(4):e0220924. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02209-24. Epub 2025 Mar 27.
The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.
H5N1禽流感大流行已导致跨物种传播至鸟类和哺乳动物，在野生动物、家禽和美国奶牛中引发疫情，并产生一系列取决于宿主的致病后果。尽管尚未观察到人际传播，但人畜共患人类病例数量的增加为适应性突变或重配创造了机会。本综述探讨了2.3.4.4b分支H5N1相对于其大流行潜力的历史、进化、病毒学和流行病学。迫切需要采取降低大流行风险的措施。
