Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 13;24(1):2196. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19749-3.
There are significant differences in the transmission rate and mortality rate of COVID-19 under environmental conditions such as seasons and climates. However, the impact of environmental factors on the role of the COVID-19 pandemic and the transmission mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of environmental factors on COVID-19 can provide innovative insights for global epidemic prevention and control policies and COVID-19 related research. This review summarizes the evidence of the impact of different natural and social environmental factors on the transmission of COVID-19 through a comprehensive analysis of epidemiology and mechanism research. This will provide innovative inspiration for global epidemic prevention and control policies and provide reference for similar infectious diseases that may emerge in the future.
Evidence reveals mechanisms by which natural environmental factors influence the transmission of COVID-19, including (i) virus survival and transport, (ii) immune system damage, (iii) inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death, and (iiii) increasing risk of complications. All of these measures appear to be effective in controlling the spread or mortality of COVID-19: (1) reducing air pollution levels, (2) rational use of ozone disinfection and medical ozone therapy, (3) rational exposure to sunlight, (4) scientific ventilation and maintenance of indoor temperature and humidity, (5) control of population density, and (6) control of population movement. Our review indicates that with the continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2, high temperature, high humidity, low air pollution levels, and low population density more likely to slow down the spread of the virus.
在季节和气候等环境条件下，COVID-19 的传播率和死亡率存在显著差异。然而，环境因素对 COVID-19 大流行的作用以及 SARS-CoV-2 的传播机制的影响尚不清楚。因此，全面了解环境因素对 COVID-19 的影响可为全球疫情防控政策和 COVID-19 相关研究提供创新性见解。本综述通过综合分析流行病学和机制研究，总结了不同自然和社会环境因素对 COVID-19 传播的影响证据。这将为全球疫情防控政策提供创新性启示，并为未来可能出现的类似传染病提供参考。
有证据表明自然环境因素影响 COVID-19 传播的机制，包括（i）病毒存活和传播，（ii）免疫系统损伤，（iii）炎症、氧化应激和细胞死亡，以及（iv）增加并发症风险。所有这些措施似乎都能有效控制 COVID-19 的传播或死亡率：（1）降低空气污染水平，（2）合理使用臭氧消毒和医用臭氧疗法，（3）合理暴露于阳光下，（4）科学通风和保持室内温度和湿度，（5）控制人口密度，以及（6）控制人口流动。我们的综述表明，随着 SARS-CoV-2 的不断突变，高温、高湿度、低空气污染水平和低人口密度更有可能减缓病毒的传播。
