Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
CENABIO, Medical Biochemistry, National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Clin Oral Investig. 2024 Aug 17;28(9):489. doi: 10.1007/s00784-024-05883-0.
The present study aimed to determine the salivary flow and metabolomic profile of stimulated and unstimulated saliva in children.
Children who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the State University of Rio de Janeiro -UERJ between 3 and 12 years of age were selected. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva, using mechanical stimulus, were collected. The samples were centrifuged at 12,000 g, 4C for 1 h. The H- NMR spectra were acquired in 500 MHz equipment. The data were extracted into 0.03 ppm buckets in AMIX, and multivariate analysis (PLS-DA and O-PLS-DA) was performed in Metaboanalyst 2.0. For other analyses, such as salivary flow, the data was tabulated in the SPSS 20.0 statistical package, analyzed descriptively, and after applying the Wilcoxon test. The interval of confidence was set at 95%.
The mean age was 7.5 (± 1.94), and 47.0% (n = 31) were female, 63.6% (n = 42). The median flow rate for stimulated saliva was 0.74 (IC 0.10-2.40) and was statistically higher (p < 0.001; Wilcoxon test) than unstimulated was 0.39 (IC 0.00-1.80). Children older than seven years old also presented a higher difference between unstimulated and stimulated saliva (p = 0.003; Mann-Whitney test). The PLS-DA and O-PLS-DA demonstrated a different profile in stimulated and unstimulated saliva. Acetate, glucose, propionate, and lysine were higher in the unstimulated whole saliva than in stimulated saliva. Isoleucine, N-acetyl sugar, hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, leucine, propionate, butyrate, valine, isoleucine, succinate, saturated fatty acid, and histidine were found in greater amounts in the saliva of patients with stimulated saliva.
The stimulated saliva presented a higher flow rate, and older children exhibited a higher flow rate resulting from it's the stimulus. The mechanical stimulus increased the levels of the major metabolites.
本研究旨在确定儿童刺激和非刺激唾液的唾液流量和代谢组学特征。
选择了年龄在 3 至 12 岁之间，在里约热内卢州立大学儿科牙科诊所就诊的儿童。采集未刺激和刺激的全唾液，使用机械刺激。将样品在 12,000 g，4°C 下离心 1 小时。在 500 MHz 设备上获得 H-NMR 光谱。在 AMIX 中，数据提取到 0.03 ppm 桶中，在 Metaboanalyst 2.0 中进行多元分析（PLS-DA 和 O-PLS-DA）。对于其他分析，如唾液流量，将数据在 SPSS 20.0 统计软件包中制表，进行描述性分析，然后应用 Wilcoxon 检验。置信区间设置为 95%。
平均年龄为 7.5（±1.94），47.0%（n=31）为女性，63.6%（n=42）为男性。刺激唾液的平均流量为 0.74（IC 0.10-2.40），明显高于未刺激唾液的 0.39（IC 0.00-1.80）（p<0.001；Wilcoxon 检验）。年龄大于 7 岁的儿童在未刺激和刺激唾液之间也表现出更高的差异（p=0.003；Mann-Whitney 检验）。PLS-DA 和 O-PLS-DA 显示刺激和非刺激唾液的图谱不同。未刺激全唾液中的乙酸盐、葡萄糖、丙酸盐和赖氨酸高于刺激唾液。在刺激唾液中发现更多的异亮氨酸、N-乙酰糖、羟丁酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、琥珀酸盐、饱和脂肪酸和组氨酸。
刺激唾液的流量更高，年龄较大的儿童因刺激而产生更高的流量。机械刺激增加了主要代谢物的水平。
