Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
Global Public Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Nov 23;20(1):1763. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4.
Failure to promote early detection and better management of hypertension will contribute to the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to assess the gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, together with its associated factors, in China and Sweden.
We used data from two cross-sectional studies: the Västerbotten Intervention Program in northern Sweden (n = 25,511) and the Shanghai survey in eastern China (n = 25,356). We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension.
Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension (43% in Sweden, 39% in China) than their female counterparts (29 and 36%, respectively). In Sweden, men were less aware of, less treated for, and had less control over their hypertension than women. Chinese men were more aware of, had similar levels of treatment for, and had less control over their hypertension compared to women. Awareness and control of hypertension was lower in China compared to Sweden. Only 33 and 38% of hypertensive Chinese men and women who were treated reached the treatment goals, compared with a respective 48 and 59% in Sweden. Old age, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, low physical activity and overweight or obesity were found to increase the odds of hypertension and its diagnosis.
This study shows the age and gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden. Multisectoral intervention should be developed to address the increasing burden of sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity and diabetes, all of which are linked to the prevention and control of hypertension. Development and implementation of the gender- and context-specific intervention for the prevention and control of hypertension facilitates understanding with regard to the implementation barriers and facilitators.
未能促进高血压的早期发现和更好的管理，将导致心血管疾病负担不断增加。本研究旨在评估中国和瑞典的高血压流行率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率的性别差异，以及其相关因素。
我们使用了来自两项横断面研究的数据：瑞典北部的维斯特博滕干预项目（n=25511）和中国东部的上海调查（n=25356）。我们采用多变量逻辑回归来检查与高血压流行率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率相关的社会人口统计学、生活方式行为和生物学因素。
男性的高血压患病率（瑞典为 43%，中国为 39%）高于女性（分别为 29%和 36%）。在瑞典，男性对高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率均低于女性。中国男性对高血压的知晓率较高，治疗率相似，对高血压的控制率较低。与瑞典相比，中国高血压的知晓率和控制率较低。仅分别有 33%和 38%接受治疗的中国高血压男性和女性达到了治疗目标，而瑞典相应的比例分别为 48%和 59%。年龄较大、糖耐量受损或糖尿病、高血压或心血管疾病家族史、体力活动水平低以及超重或肥胖，均增加了高血压及其诊断的可能性。
本研究显示了中国和瑞典成年人中高血压的流行率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率存在年龄和性别差异。应制定多部门干预措施，以应对久坐不动的生活方式、超重和肥胖以及糖尿病的增加，这些都与高血压的预防和控制有关。制定和实施针对高血压预防和控制的性别和具体环境的干预措施，有助于了解实施障碍和促进因素。
