Department of Health Sciences, Research Group in Technology Applied to High Performance and Health, TecnoCampus, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain.
National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
PeerJ. 2024 Aug 13;12:e17720. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17720. eCollection 2024.
Jumping and landing tests are frequently used as a tool to assess muscle function. However, they are performed in a controlled and predictable environment. The physical tests commonly used as part of the criteria for return to sport after injury are often performed with little or no cognitive load and low coordinative demand compared to game-specific actions. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the influence of performing a dual task (DT) or sport-specific task constrains during jump-landing tests on biomechanical variables related to lower limb injury risk in team sports.
This systematic review followed the specific methodological guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was conducted in the databases Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Plus, and SportDiscus for studies published from 2013 until June 30, 2023. To be eligible, studies had to include: (1) kinematic and/or kinetic assessment of injury risk factors in the lower extremity; (2) a comparison between a simple jump or landing test and a DT jump or landing test which included cognitive information. The risk of bias in the selected articles was analyzed using the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration.
Of the 656 records identified, 13 met the established criteria. Additionally, two more articles were manually included after screening references from the included articles and previous related systematic reviews. Regarding the Risk of bias assessment, 12 studies did not surpass a score of 3 points (out of a total of 7). Only three studies exceeded a score of 3 points, with one article achieving a total score of 6. From the included studies, comparative conditions included actions influenced by the inclusion of a sports ball ( = 6), performing tasks in virtual environments or with virtual feedback ( = 2), participation in cognitive tasks ( = 6), and tasks involving dual processes ( = 7). The execution of decision-making (DM) during the jump-landing action resulted in biomechanical changes such as lower peak angles of hip flexion and knee flexion, along with increased vertical ground reaction force, knee abduction, and tibial internal rotation. Regarding limitations, discrepancies arise in defining what constitutes DT. As a result, it is possible that not all studies included in this review fit all conceptual definitions of DT. The inclusion of DT or constraints in jump-landing tests significantly alters biomechanical variables related to lower extremity injury risk in team sports. In future research, it would be beneficial to incorporate tasks into jumping tests that simulate the specific cognitive demands of team sports. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023462102) and this research received no external funding.
跳跃和着陆测试常被用作评估肌肉功能的工具。然而，这些测试是在受控且可预测的环境中进行的。与特定于比赛的动作相比，受伤后重返运动的标准中常用的物理测试通常执行起来认知负荷和协调需求较低。本系统评价的目的是研究在跳跃着陆测试中执行双重任务（DT）或特定于运动的任务约束对团队运动中下肢受伤风险相关生物力学变量的影响。
本系统评价遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）的具体方法学指南。搜索在 Medline（PubMed）、Web of Science、Cochrane Plus 和 SportDiscus 数据库中进行，检索时间从 2013 年至 2023 年 6 月 30 日。符合条件的研究必须包括：（1）下肢损伤风险因素的运动学和/或动力学评估；（2）比较简单跳跃或着陆测试和包含认知信息的 DT 跳跃或着陆测试。使用 Cochrane 协作的建议分析选定文章的偏倚风险。
在 656 条记录中，有 13 条符合既定标准。此外，在筛选纳入文章和之前的相关系统评价的参考文献后，又手动纳入了另外两篇文章。关于风险偏倚评估，12 项研究的得分均未超过 7 分中的 3 分（满分 7 分）。只有 3 项研究的得分超过 3 分，其中 1 项研究的总得分达到 6 分。从纳入的研究来看，对比条件包括纳入运动球的动作（6 项）、在虚拟环境或具有虚拟反馈下执行任务（2 项）、参与认知任务（6 项）和涉及双重过程的任务（7 项）。在跳跃着陆动作中执行决策（DM）会导致生物力学变化，例如髋关节和膝关节屈曲的峰值角度降低，同时垂直地面反作用力、膝关节外展和胫骨内旋增加。关于局限性，对于什么构成 DT 存在差异。因此，并非所有纳入本综述的研究都符合 DT 的所有概念定义。在跳跃着陆测试中纳入 DT 或约束条件会显著改变团队运动中下肢受伤风险相关的生物力学变量。在未来的研究中，将更有利于将模拟团队运动特定认知需求的任务纳入跳跃测试中。本系统评价已在 PROSPERO（注册号：CRD42023462102）中注册，本研究没有外部资金支持。
