Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt.
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Aug 20;24(1):785. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05470-1.
Stripe rust, induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is the most harmful and prevalent disease in temperate regions worldwide, affecting wheat production areas globally. An effective strategy for controlling the disease involves enhancing genetic resistance against stripe rust, achieved through Egyptian breeding efforts not previously conducted on wheat genotypes. The resistance level to stripe rust in thirty-eight wheat genotypes was assessed using marker-assisted selection methods. The investigation suggests that wheat breeding programs can utilize slow-rusting Yr genes, which are effective resistance genes, to develop novel genotypes with stripe rust resistance through marker-assisted breeding. Based on the four disease responses of the wheat genotypes under investigation, the results categorized the genotypes into three groups. The first group included resistant genotypes, the second group exhibited a slow-rusting character with the lowest disease symptom rates, and the last group displayed the highest disease characteristics rates throughout the three seasons, comprising fast-rusting genotypes. The rust-resistant genes identified were Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr30, and Yr36. Genes Yr26, Yr30, and Yr36 were present in all genotypes. Genotypes Misr3, Misr4, Giza168, Giza167, Giza170, Giza171, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10 carried the Yr9 gene. Only one genotype, Sids13, was found to have the Yr17 gene. Genes Yr18 and Yr29 were identified in Sids14, Giza168, Giza170, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10. However, none of the wheat genotypes showed the presence of Yr5, Yr10, or Yr15. Several backcrossing generations were conducted to introduce the Yr5 and Yr10 genes into susceptible genotypes (Misr1, Misr2, and Gemmeiza11). These genotypes are cultivated globally and are known for producing high-quality flour, making them of great importance to farmers. The study demonstrates significant potential for enhancing wheat genotypes for stripe rust resistance and increased production.
条锈病由条形柄锈菌引起，是全球温带地区最具危害性和普遍性的病害，影响着全球小麦产区。控制该病害的有效策略是通过埃及以前从未在小麦基因型上进行的育种工作来增强对条锈病的遗传抗性。采用标记辅助选择方法评估了 38 个小麦基因型对条锈病的抗性水平。研究表明，小麦育种计划可以利用慢锈性 Yr 基因（有效抗性基因），通过标记辅助育种开发具有条锈病抗性的新型基因型。基于所研究的 38 个小麦基因型的四种病害反应，结果将基因型分为三组。第一组包括抗性基因型，第二组表现出最慢的锈病发展特征，且在三个季节中具有最低的病害症状率，最后一组则表现出最高的病害特征率，包含快速锈病发展的基因型。鉴定出的抗锈病基因包括 Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr29、Yr30 和 Yr36。Yr26、Yr30 和 Yr36 基因存在于所有基因型中。Misr3、Misr4、Giza168、Giza167、Giza170、Giza171、Gemmeiza9 和 Gemmeiza10 基因型携带 Yr9 基因。只有一个基因型 Sids13 被发现携带 Yr17 基因。Yr18 和 Yr29 基因存在于 Sids14、Giza168、Giza170、Gemmeiza9 和 Gemmeiza10 基因型中。然而，没有一个小麦基因型表现出 Yr5、Yr10 或 Yr15 基因的存在。进行了几个回交世代以将 Yr5 和 Yr10 基因导入感病基因型（Misr1、Misr2 和 Gemmeiza11）。这些基因型在全球范围内种植，以生产高质量的面粉而闻名，对农民来说非常重要。该研究展示了提高小麦基因型对条锈病抗性和增加产量的巨大潜力。
