Abbas Sakina, Li Yunfang, Lu Jing, Hu Jianming, Zhang Xinnuo, Lv Xue, Shahzad Armghan, Ao Donghui, Abbas Maryam, Wu Yu, Zhang Lei, Fayyaz Muhammad
Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Dec 9;15:1494566. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1494566. eCollection 2024.
Stripe rust, caused by f. sp. , poses a significant threat to wheat quality and production worldwide. The rapid evolution of races caused several resistance genes to be ineffective.
This study evaluated stripe rust resistance genes in 349 Pakistan and Southwest China genotypes. We utilized previously published functional and linked molecular markers to detect 13 major stripe rust resistance genes: , and . Field evaluations assessed IT and resistance levels, while the impact of gene combinations on resistance was also analyzed.
Field evaluations showed that over 60% of Chuanyu wheat, 50% of recent Pakistani cultivars, and 20% of historic Pakistani lines were resistant to current stripe rust races. In Chuanyu wheat, the dominant genes were , and ; however, , and were overused, while was absent, and was rare. In historic lines, , and were prevalent, with , and demonstrating effective resistance against current stripe rust races. Furthermore, the study identified specific combinations of genes (, and ) that enhanced resistance to .
This research highlights effective resistance genes and gene combinations for stripe rust in wheat and emphasizes the deployment of durable resistance. The findings guide the strategic use of these genes in breeding programs aimed at developing durable resistance in wheat genotypes in Pakistan and Southwest China.
由小麦条锈菌（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici）引起的条锈病对全球小麦品质和产量构成重大威胁。菌系的快速进化导致多个抗性基因失效。
本研究评估了349份来自巴基斯坦和中国西南地区的基因型材料中的条锈病抗性基因。我们利用先前发表的功能标记和连锁分子标记来检测13个主要的条锈病抗性基因：Yr1、Yr2、Yr3、Yr4、Yr5、Yr6、Yr7、Yr8、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17和Yr24。田间评估测定了侵染类型（IT）和抗性水平，同时分析了基因组合对抗性的影响。
田间评估表明，超过60%的川育小麦、50%的巴基斯坦近期品种和20%的巴基斯坦历史品系对当前条锈病菌系具有抗性。在川育小麦中，优势基因是Yr26、Yr18和Yr5；然而，Yr1、Yr10和Yr9被过度使用，Yr24缺失，Yr15罕见。在历史品系中，Yr26、Yr18和Yr5普遍存在，Yr1、Yr10和Yr9对当前条锈病菌系表现出有效的抗性。此外，该研究确定了特定的基因组合（Yr1、Yr10和Yr9）增强了对条锈病的抗性。
本研究突出了小麦条锈病的有效抗性基因和基因组合，并强调了持久抗性的部署。这些发现指导了在旨在培育巴基斯坦和中国西南地区小麦基因型持久抗性的育种计划中对这些基因的战略应用。
