Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
ACS Nano. 2024 Sep 3;18(35):23827-23841. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09027. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Carrier-free nanodrugs with extraordinary active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) loading (even 100%), avoidable carrier-induced toxicity, and simple synthetic procedures are considered as one of the most promising candidates for disease theranostics. Substantial studies and the commercial success of "carrier-free" nanocrystals have demonstrated their strong clinical potential. However, their practical translations remain challenging and are impeded by unpredictable assembly processes, insufficient delivery efficiency, and an unclear in vivo fate. In this Perspective, we systematically outline the contemporary and emerging carrier-free nanodrugs based on diverse APIs, as well as highlight their opportunities and challenges in clinical translation. Looking ahead, further improvements in design and preparation, drug delivery, in vivo efficacy, and safety of carrier-free nanomedicines are essential to facilitate their translation from the bench to bedside.
无载体纳米药物具有非凡的活性药物成分（API）载药量（甚至可达 100%）、可避免载体引起的毒性以及简单的合成工艺，被认为是疾病治疗学最有前途的候选药物之一。大量的研究和“无载体”纳米晶体的商业成功已经证明了它们具有强大的临床潜力。然而，它们的实际转化仍然具有挑战性，并且受到不可预测的组装过程、不足的递送效率以及体内命运不明确的阻碍。在这篇观点文章中，我们系统地概述了基于不同 API 的当代和新兴的无载体纳米药物，并强调了它们在临床转化方面的机遇和挑战。展望未来，进一步改进无载体纳米药物的设计和制备、药物递送、体内疗效和安全性对于促进它们从实验室向临床的转化至关重要。
